朱熹之《詩》學解釋學

ZhuXi's Interpretation on the Theory of the Book of Songs

10.6284/NPUSTHSSR.2009.3(1)3

劉原池(Yuan-Chih Liu)

以詩解詩 ； 朱熹 ； 宋代 ； 詩經 ； 詩學解釋 ； to interpret the Book of Songs by itself ； ZhuXi ； Sung dynasty ； the Book of Songs ； interpretation of the theory of the Book of Songs

人文社會科學研究

3卷1期（2009 / 03 / 01）

37 - 50

繁體中文

朱熹擺脫漢儒說《詩》的理論束縛，以文學的眼光來研讀《詩經》，為中國《詩》學打開了一個新的局面。他重視《詩》之文本的獨立自足和詩篇內容的整體性，強調《詩》含「情性」以及詩歌藝術表現手法的特殊性。對於解釋《詩經》，朱熹提出了「以《詩》言《詩》」、「以己意迎取作者之意」、「通全章而論之」「熟讀涵味」等回歸文本的特質、讀者與文本的對話、文本的循環解釋、文本的審美活動等解釋《詩經》的方法。朱熹認為，《詩》是「感物道情」之結晶，所謂「以《詩》說《詩》」應該是從《詩》所「道」之「情」的方面去把握這種《詩》之「情」，而解《詩》必須首先充分尊重本文的獨立自主性，且對《詩》本文的理解離不開對本文的全體與部分的理解，或從整體解釋部分，或從部分解釋全體，也就是必須對作品整體有全盤的理解。至於欲求《詩》之「興」，還原《詩》之本義，則非「諷誦涵泳」「熟讀玩味」不可。

ZhuXi got rid of the theoretic restriction of Han dynasty scholars interpreting the Book of Songs, studied the Book of songs from the literary perspective, and opened a new situation for Chinese theories of the Book of Songs. He emphasized independent quality of the text of the Book of Songs, the whole connections of the contents of poetry, the sentiment of the Book of Songs, and the particularity of the ways of poetry art display. Concerning the interpretation of the Book of Songs, ZhuXi suggested the ways of ”interpreting the Book of Songs by itself”, ”catching meanings of author by our own understanding”, ”studying through whole chapter”, ”appreciating (a poem) by thorough reading (it)”. The ways of interpreting the Book of Songs include returning the nature of the text, readers communicate with the text, the cycle of interpretation of the text, aesthetic activity of the text. ZhuXi thought the Book of Songs was the collection of ”being moved by things and expressing sentiment”. The so-called ”interpreting the Book of Songs by itself” should go to grasp the sentiment of the Book of Songs from the part of expressing sentiment of it , and moreover interpreting the Book of Songs has to respect the independent quality of the text first, and understanding the Book of Songs can't get rid of the understanding of the whole and the part of it. That's, it is necessary to understand the work thoroughly. As for searching the ”stirring” of the Book of Songs, and restoring the original meaning of it, ”recitation and in-depth thinking” and ”appreciating (a poem) by thorough reading (it)” are needed.

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