《太極圖說》「主靜」說之儒家義探討

Discussion of Confucianism Meaning Annotations to Taijitu "Holding Tranquility"

10.6284/NPUSTHSSR.202406_18(2).1

張家鈞(Chia-Chun Chang)

周敦頤 ； 太極圖說 ； 主靜 ； 無欲故靜 ； 儒家 ； Zhou Dun-Yi ； Annotations to Taijitu ； Holding Tranquility ； Settling without Desires ； Confucianism

人文社會科學研究

18卷2期（2024 / 06 / 01）

1 - 20

繁體中文;英文

「靜」是中國儒道思想中一個重要的哲學概念，周敦頤在《太極圖說》中提出「主靜」說，並自注「無欲故靜」，歷代學者皆有認為此說是源於道家思想。然而，經由考察，在儒家經典與經典的注疏之中，我們不難發現「主靜」思想與「無欲故靜」之說。在義理的分析方面，亦是呈顯出《太極圖說》「主靜」思想與「無欲故靜」是以儒家思想為核心，發明了聖人的道德修養工夫。所以，周敦頤所示之「定之以中正仁義而主靜」及「無欲故靜」，可以說是繼承儒家傳統思想，並依己之體驗，將聖人重述，作為成德之學的道德價值典範，並由「主靜」作為路徑，進而開展世人的成聖修養工夫。

"Tranquility" is an important philosophical concept in Chinese Confucianism and Taoism. Zhou Dun-Yi put forward a theory of " holding tranquility" in Annotations to Taijitu and explained "having no desire leads to tranquility". Scholars of all dynasties believed that this theory originated from Taoism. However, after investigation, among Confucian classics and classic commentaries, we can see the thoughts of "holding tranquility" and "settling without desires." In terms of the analysis, it also presents the thoughts of "holding tranquility" in Annotations to Taijitu and "settling without desires" which are the core value of Chinese Confucianism. It elaborates on the Saints' moral skills. Therefore, Zhou Dun-Yi's "one settles himself in moderation, benevolence and justice," and "settling without desires" inherit the traditional Confucianism thoughts, and the narrative of the saints once again based on his own experience. As a value model for achieving moral learning, applying "hold tranquility" as an approach, develops the cultivation of sanctification of the world.