J. Bruner對於幼兒遊戲的觀點回顧及其教育意藴展望

A Review of J. Bruner's Views on Children's Play and Its Educational Implications

高博銓(Bo-Quan Gao)

遊戲 ； J. S. Bruner ； 幼兒發展 ； 幼兒教育 ； early childhood education and care curriculum framework(ECECCF) ； preschool educators ； Montessori education

幼兒教保研究

17卷1期（2024 / 01 / 01）

1 - 22

繁體中文;英文

心理學家J. Bruner是開展認知心理學的先驅，其在幼兒遊戲方面累積豐碩的研究成果。本文採取文獻分析法，整理歸納Bruner在幼兒遊戲方面的研究發現。指出幼兒遊戲具有效益性、靈活性、創意性、假設性、體現性、趣味性等特性。Bruner主張遊戲是人類社會活動的準備，能增進幼兒學習和問題解決能力，可以作為文化工具並促進文化發展，並有助於提高幼兒的語文能力，而慎選遊戲材料則可以加乘學習成效，同時能增進幼兒的專注力、創造力以及溝通互動等能力。其對幼兒遊戲的觀點，含括教育所重視的心智技能、認知策略、語文知識、動作技能以及態度，極具意義。至於相關觀點在幼兒發展上的教育意蘊，包括：善用遊戲來促進幼兒的發展、運用遊戲來促進幼兒的思考、遊戲有利於文化的習得與創新、體認教育者在遊戲活動中的角色、掌握遊戲的本質以充分發揮功效。展望國內幼兒教育的發展，前述教育意蘊彰顯遊戲在幼兒教育的價值。幼兒教育工作者應將其真實融入教育活動，並應確實掌握遊戲的本質，體認其角色任務，藉以促進幼兒的學習和成長。

Psychologist J. Bruner is a pioneer in cognitive psychology, and he has accumulated rich research results in children's plays. This article adopts the document analysis method to organize and summarize Bruner's research findings in the field of children's play. It is pointed out that children's plays have the characteristics of benefit, flexibility, creativity, assumption, embodiment and interest. Bruner advocates that plays are a preparation for human social activities, can enhance children's learning and problem-solving abilities, can be used as cultural tools and promote cultural development, and help to improve children's language ability, and careful selection of play materials can increase learning effects, furthermore, it can improve children's concentration, creativity, communication and interaction skills. His views on children's play, including the mental skills, cognitive strategies, language knowledge, motor skills and attitudes that education highlights, are of great significance. As for the educational implication of relevant views on children's development, they include: making good use of plays to promote children's development, using plays to promote children's thinking, plays are conducive to cultural acquisition and innovation, recognizing the role of educators in plays, grasp the essence of the play to its full potential. Looking forward to the development of domestic early childhood education, the above-mentioned educational implication highlights the value of plays in early childhood education. Early childhood educators should truly integrate it into educational activities, and should truly grasp the essence of plays and recognize their roles and tasks, so as to promote children's learning and growth.