國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識及其相關因素之探討－以澎湖地區為例

The Vision Care Knowledge and the Relevant Factors in the domain Knowledge among the Caregivers of the Primary School Students in Penghu Area

李昭憲(Chao-Hsien Lee)；賴家欣(Chia-Hsin Lai)；楊燦(Tsan Yang)；曾淑婷(Shu-Ting Tseng)

視力保健 ； 國小學童 ； 澎湖地區 ； Vision care ； Elementary school students ； Penghu area

美和學報

35卷1期（2016 / 05 / 01）

159 - 170

繁體中文

本文旨在探討國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識及其相關因素，研究對象針對澎湖地區國小學童主要照顧者進行問卷訪談，並於2013年3月至6月期間共收取有效樣本382人，學童主要照顧者身份為父母者居多有351人（佔約92%），非父母者有31位（約8%）。研究結果顯示：學童主要照顧者在視力保健知識的評估上具備中高等程度表現，平均得分為6.93分（標準差1.64）。在迴歸模式中獲選解釋變項有主要照顧者身分、主要照顧者教育程度、主要照顧者職業情況、學童居住地、近視家族史及家庭結構型態，可預測的總變異量為39.71%，表示此六項因素為國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識之重要預測因子；在主要照顧者身分方面，表示身分為父母者的視力保健知識程度較佳；主要照顧者教育程度顯示，教育程度為大學以上者視力保健知識程度最優；主要照顧者職業情況方面，有職業工作者住視力保健知識程度較佳；學童居住地方面，主要照顧者居住於澎湖本島之視力保健知識較優於離島者；在近視家族史方面，具備近視家族史有較佳的視力保健知識程度；在家庭結構型態方面，單親家庭者相較於其它家庭結構型態者有較差的視力保健知識程度。期望透過本研究結果可協助與提供佐證予國小學童近視相關防治工作，提供國小學童主要照顧者視力保健知識的現況，並喚起正確視力保健觀念的意識，藉以提升其對國小學童近視防治行為的效益。

The study investigated the vision care knowledge and the relevant factors in the domain knowledge among the primary caregivers of elementary school students in Penghu. A total of 382 valid samples had been taken for this research, including 351 parents and 31 non-parents. The data collection method was to conduct a questionnaire survey between March, 2013 and June, 2013. The results showed that the average of the total scores from the primary caregivers in vision care knowledge was 6.93 points (sd=1.64) and was regarded as moderate. Moreover, according to the regression analysis, the seven factors, including The Primary Caregivers Are Parents or Non-parents, Level of Education of Primary Caregivers, Primary Caregivers Are Employed or Unemployed, Primary Caregivers Are Magong-Island or Baisha-Island Residents, Elementary School Students Have Myopia or Not, Family History of Myopia, and Family Structures, were considered into the model and the total variance explained reached 39.71%. In the first factor, the total score of vision care knowledge of parents was better than of non-parents. In the second factor, the primary caregivers with high-education had better scores in knowledge than the caregivers with low-education. In the third factor, the score of the employed primary caregivers was higher than that of the unemployed caregivers. In the fourth factor, the caregivers in Magong-Island performed better than those living in Baisha-Island. In the fifth factor, children in myopia didn’t perform as well as these without myopia. In the sixth factor, the primary caregivers having the myopia of family history had better scores than those without family history in myopia. In the seventh factor, the primary caregivers from single-parent family scored less than the others. This study expected to increase the awareness of myopia precaution for elementary school students and further to explore the causes and treatments.

1. 丁怡方、吳澈娥、池易釧、游文長、苗其志、魏川淵、張麗春(2011)。北部某地區低年級國小學童家長協助孩童視力保健行為與學童近視之相關性。醫護科技期刊，13(1)，27-39。
   連結：
2. 陳政友、沈希哲、劉婉柔、盧玉玫、謝雅萍(2009)。國小學童家長近視預防親職教育介入成效研究。學效促進與健康教育學報，32，1-23。
   連結：
3. 彭秀英(2011)。學齡前兒童家長實施幼童近視防治行為與其相關因素研究。實證研究，58，83-101。
   連結：
4. 彭秀英、林隆光、吳仁宇(2010)。國小及幼稚園教師對學童視力保健知識、態度、行為效能的相關因素研究。學校衛生，56，21-38。
   連結：
5. 謝智玲(2007)。異國婚姻家庭的父母管教參與學校教育與子女行為適應之調查研究。人文暨社會科學期刊，3(2)，81-95。
   連結：
6. Berger, E.H.(1991).Parental involvement: Yesterday and today.Elementary School Journal,91(3),209-219.
7. Czepita, D.,Zejmo, M.,Mojsa, A.(2007).Prevalence of myopia and hyperopic in a population of Polish schoolchildren.Ophthalmic and physiological Optics,27(1),60-65.
8. Fan, D. S.,Lam, D. S.,Lam, R. F.,Lau, J. T.,Chong, K. S.,Cheung, E. Y.(2004).Prevalence, incidence, and progression of myopia of school children in Hong Kong.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science,45(4),1071-1075.
9. Jones, L.A.,Sinnott, L.T.,Mutti, D.O.,Mitcbell, G.L.,Moescbberger, M.L.,Zadnik, K.(2007).Parental History of Myopia, Sports and Outdoor Activities, and Future Myopia.Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology,48(8),3524-3532.
10. Lam, D. S.,Fan, D. S.,Lam, R. F.,Rao, S. K.,Chong, K. S.,Lau, J. T.(2008).The effect of parental history of myopia on children's eye size and growth: results of a longitudinal study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science,49(3),873-876.
11. Rose, K. A.,Morgan, I. G.,Ip, J.,Kifley, A.,Huynh, S.,Smith, W.,Mitchell, P.(2008).Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children.Ophthalmology,115(8),1279-1285.
12. Rudnicka, A. R.,Owen, C. G.,Nightingale, C. M.,Cook, D. G.,Whincup, P. H.(2010).Ethnic differences in the prevalence of myopia and ocular biometry in 10-and 11-year-old children: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE).Investigative ophthalmology & visual science,51(12),6270-6276.
13. Saw, S.M.(2005).Incidence and Progression of Myopia in Singaporean.IOVS,46(1),51-57.
14. Saw, S.M.,Cheng, A.,Fong, A.,Gazzard, G.,Tan, D.T.H.(2007).School grades and myopia.OPO,27,126-129.
15. 牛玉珍、謝佳玟、毆怡君、林惠華、陳怡伶、劉潔心(2013)。學童視力保健行為教育介入成效探討─PRECEDE-PROCEED模式之應用。學校衛生護理雜誌，23，49-60。
16. 王柏翔(2009)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台東縣，國立台東大學健康促進與休閒管理碩士班。
17. 王美惠(2009)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中市，亞洲大學生物資訊學系碩士在職專班。
18. 林隆光(1997)。學童視力保健。台北:健康世界雜誌社。
19. 施永豐(2004)。,台北:行政院衛生署。
20. 范美萍(2013)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。桃園縣，清雲科技大學企業管理系暨經營管理研究所。
21. 張春興(2001)。教育心理學─三化取向的理論與實踐。台北:東華。
22. 黃美溶(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中市，中國醫藥學院醫學研究所。
23. 楊瑞珍、熊鯤苓(2000)。台北市某國中一年級學生視力不良狀況及其相關因素初探。醫護科技學刊，2(2)，123-136。
24. 劉乃昀、陳政友(2006)。國小學童學習壓力與及用眼行為與近視相關之研究。實證研究，48，39-61。
25. 劉乃昀、陳政友(2008)。台北市家長對學童採取近視防治行為及其相關因素研究─健康信念模式之應用。實證研究，52，13-35。
26. 蘇巧雲(2010)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中市，國立台中教育大學幼兒教育學系碩士班。