無人機智慧技術於山坡地水保工程與工程災害復建地形測繪精進應用

Advanced Applications of Smart Drone Technology in Slope Land Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

鍾鳴峰(Ming-Feng Chung)

UAV無人機 ； 地形測繪 ； 災害復建 ； UAV ； Terrain Mapping ； Disaster Recovery

水保技術

第18卷第1、2期（2024 / 06 / 01）

32 - 45

繁體中文;英文

臺灣山坡地環境因地狹人稠與集中開發，加上地震頻繁與颱風天災影響，汛期雨季容易引發災害。隨著坡地水土保持計畫與災後工程復建案日趨增加，測量與設計、施工階段之結合重要性需迅速與精確。坡地常因崩塌、陡峭等因素存在危險，植生茂密、交通不便等原因，許多地區無法到達。地方政府轄管之山坡地面積範圍廣，人力常無法有效監管。近年來臺灣因人口結構變化，自工程設計、監造與施工端，包含測量工程，皆面臨人力短缺的問題。為有效解決傳統工程人力，傳統地形測量所面臨的問題，並快速有效地取得地形測量資料，需應用UAV無人機智慧技術解決關鍵問題。無人機技術在山坡地開發監管、地形測繪、危險公路崩塌復建工程等方面的應用已趨成熟，無人機智慧技術具有廣泛的潛力。本文以山坡地水土保持監管業務、山區公路邊坡因災害崩塌，河川野溪土砂淤積土方收方，水土保持計畫地形測量為例，探討無人機智慧技術在減少工程從業人員人力負荷及降低危險方面的應用，彙整典型案例，無人機搭載RTK結合GNSS全球衛星定位系統系統，進行測繪，獲取地形資料（如正射影像、DSM、DEM、點雲資料與3D模型），利用GIS地理資訊系統與CAD數位化軟體，快速處理解析，建立地形資料，提供設計、施工端解決關鍵問題。本文旨在透過無人機精進測繪工作，減輕工程人力負擔及推動無人機UAV數位智慧，精進測繪工作之參考。

Taiwan's mountainous terrain, due to its densely populated and concentrated development, combined with frequent earthquakes and typhoon disasters, often leads to hazards during the rainy season. With the increasing number of slope conservation projects and post-disaster reconstruction projects, the importance of rapid and accurate integration of survey, design, and construction stages has become crucial. Slopes are often dangerous due to factors such as landslides and steepness, and areas with dense vegetation and inconvenient transportation are inaccessible. The local government's jurisdiction over extensive mountainous areas makes effective supervision by manpower difficult. In recent years, due to demographic changes, Taiwan has been facing manpower shortages in engineering design, supervision, construction, and surveying. To effectively address the problems faced by traditional engineering manpower and traditional terrain surveying, and to quickly and effectively obtain terrain survey data, the application of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) intelligent technology is essential. The application of UAV intelligent technology to reduce manpower burden and effectively use it in dangerous slopes, slope development, soil and water conservation projects, disaster prevention, and sediment dredging projects is becoming increasingly important. UAVs, through the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) imaging, LiDAR scanning, and 3D modeling, combined with software such as Pix4Dmapper, AutoCAD Recap pro, and TerraSolid, and integrated with Civil 3D, Global Mapper, and ArcGIS Pro digitalization, can effectively acquire and analyze terrain survey data for slopes. The application of UAV technology in slope development supervision, topographic mapping, and the reconstruction of dangerous road collapses has become mature. UAV intelligent technology has broad potential. This article explores the application of UAV intelligent technology in reducing engineering manpower load and minimizing risks through the supervision of slope conservation tasks, mountain road slope collapses due to disasters, river and creek sediment accumulation, and terrain surveying for soil and water conservation plans. Typical cases are summarized, where UAVs equipped with RTK combined with GNSS are used for surveying to obtain terrain data (such as orthophotos, DSM, DEM, point cloud data, and 3D models), and processed quickly using GIS (Geographic Information System) and CAD (Computer-Aided Design) digital software to establish terrain data, providing key solutions for design and construction. This article aims to refine surveying work through UAV technology, reduce engineering manpower load, and promote UAV digital intelligence, providing a reference for advancing surveying work. This article aims to enhance surveying work through UAV technology, alleviate the manpower burden in engineering, and promote UAV digital intelligence, serving as a reference for advanced surveying work.