英文摘要
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Chinese martial art is a specific kind of traditional culture with a long history. In the past, in addition to the normal way by which Chinese martial art was taught in traditional martial art school, there was another way to approach it for the public with the martial art tournament held in the traditional religious festivals. After the late Ching dynasty, there were many new things imported from the West, including western sport competition which later merged Chinese martial art tournament to be a part of it.
There is a turning point in Chinese martial art history that is the establishment of the Central Martial Art Academy (Zhongyang guoshuguan) in Nanjing in 1928. Not only Chinese martial art is called ”National Skill” (Guoshu) by the Central Martial Art Academy, but also dedicates to promote Chinese martial art, one of which is holding martial art tournament. The Central Martial Art Academy also designs the ”Martial Art Test” which is a complete system of direct combat with three levels: county, province and nation, and aims to select talent martial art athletes. Before Sino-Japanese war began, the Central Martial Art Academy held twice National Martial Art Test.
This article aims to analyze these two National Martial Art Test. First, to introduce the rules, the process and the content of the test. Second, to discuss the meaning and the influences, the advantages and disadvantages, and also the new invention of the test. Finally, to inquire the age-value reflected by the design and the purpose of the test.
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