英國早期公共圖書館狀貌考－以四所教會捐贈圖書館為例

On the Status of Early Public Libraries in England: With special reference to the four episcopal endowments

10.6747/CCUHISTORY.201612_(19).03

石小軍(Shogun Seki)

遺書 ； 公共圖書館 ； 捐贈背景 ； 教會政府力量 ； 共同利益理念 ； testament ； public library ； endowment ； episcopal and governmental support ； common profit

中正歷史學刊

19期（2016 / 12 / 01）

91 - 113

繁體中文

本研究基於前人的宏觀把握，從四份十五世紀的遺書手稿、相關一手文獻和當時館藏出發，微觀考察倫敦行會大廳（Guildhall）、伍斯特（Worcester）、布裏斯托爾（Bristol）和諾裏季（Norwich）等四所典型的具有教會捐贈背景的英國中世紀公共圖書館，還原其風氣、宗旨、性質和管理等基本狀貌，理清它們之間的各種關聯和建設經緯，進而俯瞰這一類群體的總體特徵。同時在此基礎上，嘗試探討英國近現代公共圖書館之歷史背景淵源，並且發現英國十五世紀二十年代所孕育的「共同利益」理念為這四所圖書館創立初期的共有思想基礎。

This paper, on the basis of general previous studies, investigates the four fifteenth-century testaments, relevant primary literature, and survival library holdings, and explores the four typical early public libraries with episcopal endowment in England in detail, including London Guildhall, Worcester, Bristol, and Norwich, giving a complete picture of their disciplinary, purpose, property, and management, clarifying the complicated relations among them, further overlooking the common places of the whole group. Moreover, it attempts to demonstrate the historical backgrounds of the British modern public libraries, finding the common-profit culture of 1420s is the shared spiritual foundation of the four libraries.

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