具回收料價格考慮之逆物流最適買賣整合生產存貨模式

Optimal Production and Inventory Model for an Integrated Single-vendor and Single-buyer System with Return Price of Reverse Logistics

10.6697/TBPJ.201506_8(2).0003

蔡登茂(Deng-Maw Tsai)；林芷如(Chih-Ju Lin)

逆物流 ； 回收再利用 ； 回收價格 ； 買賣整合存貨問題 ； Reverse Logistics ； Recycling ； Return Price ； Integrated Single-vendor Single-buyer Problem

臺灣企業績效學刊

8卷2期（2015 / 06 / 01）

159 - 180

繁體中文

由於人類對資源的大量耗用，導致地球資源逐漸枯竭，致使原物料成本大幅上升。使得回收、再製及逆物流等議題受到相當大的重視，也成為永續發展特別重要的議題。再加上近年來法令的要求、人們環保意識的抬頭以及經濟因素考量，使得許多企業致力於回收與再製造的工作。然而回收品會因回收價格的高低導致購入的品質產生明顯的差異，進而影響再製產品的品質與成本。倘若回收的價格非常昂貴或品質非常低劣，則將使回收再製不具經濟的可行性，而使得最佳的生產方式回復到傳統全部採用新物料的生產型態。因此，本研究將回收再利用議題加入傳統的買賣整合存貨模式，探討回收料品質不同會有不同的不良率及購進價格，製造商以使用新料並加入回收料的方式進行產品的生產以提供顧客的需求。研究的目的在發展可使買賣雙方總成本最小化的最佳生產、配送以及最適當的回收採購價格與品質的策略，以提供管理者做為決策支援的工具。本研究提出最佳生產批量、運送次數及回收品質之決策變數推導與搜尋演算法設計。最後，本研究也針對提出的模式以數值範例進行應用說明，並對重要參數的影響進行敏感度分析，以供實務界作為應用之參考。

In recent years, resource depletion and the prices of raw materials have increased rapidly. Companies engage in recycling and remanufacturing processes either because of environmental legislations and awareness in their countries or because of economical reasons. However, the purchasing price of recycled items with a certain quality governs the product quality and cost of the remanufacture process. If the recycled items are expensive or they have a poor quality, the whole remanufacture process might not be economically feasible and therefore pure production with no returns might be the optimum solution. In this paper, an integrated production-inventory model with return price consideration is developed and analyzed, where a manufacturer serves a stationary product demand by using new items as well as collected recycled items. The model developed herein is a decision tool that helps managers in determining the optimum production, transportation strategy, as well as the acquisition quality level and its corresponding price for recycled items that are collected for recovery purposes and that minimizes the total integrated inventory cost. A solution procedure is devised to find the optimal solutions for the proposed model. Finally, a numerical example and effects of the key parameters are included to illustrate the results of the proposed model.

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