小青故事及其相關劇作初探

A Preliminary Inquiry into the Story of Xiaoqiang and Its Related Plays

10.7020/JTCT.200706.0067

謝俐瑩(Li-Ying Hsieh)

馮小青 ； 春波影 ； 風流院 ； 療妒羹 ； Feng Xiaoqing ； Chun po ying Reflection in the Spring Pond ； Fengliu yuan The bawdy house ； Liao du geng Soup to cure jealousy

戲曲學報

1期（2007 / 06 / 01）

67 - 98

繁體中文

小青故事的流傳約始於明代萬曆後期（1612以後），自從她的事爲人所知，有了第一篇〈小青傳〉問世，淒婉哀豔的故事因而衍傳誦不絕，不僅文人紛紛廣爲作傳，亦有以此爲題，敷演爲中長篇小說、戲曲，忠於原型者有，改編者亦多，甚至流傳至今，仍在舞台上展演。這其間，斷斷續續竟也綿延了近四百年。本文探討小青其人其事、〈小青傳〉及小青相關創作，同時鎖定三部以小青故事爲題材的劇作爲討論對象：《春波影》、《風流院》、《療妒羹》。〈小青傳〉的傳寫雖然版本各異，作者紛紜，但內容大同小異，甚至改寫而成的小說也多半不脫原傳的情節，這恐怕與文人作家以之寄托懷才不遇的情結有關。小青其人雖有人斥之爲僞，但經過考證，其人其事及其詩文《焚餘》恐怕真有其事。至於改編爲戲曲創作，明季以來所知至少有十四本，至今仍仔者約有七本。其中《春波影》是以小青爲題材第一部戲曲作品；而《風流院》、《療妒羹》則是傳世小青戲曲較負盛名的作品；三部劇作雖均以小青故事作爲題材，表現方式卻各有不同“如今小青戲曲傳世者僅崑曲〈題曲〉〈澆墓〉二折。

The story of [Lady Feng] Xiaoqing started to spread around in late Wan Ii Era of Ming Dynasty (i.e., after 1612). ”The Life of Xiaoqing,” her first biography, was widely circulated and acclaimed for its desolate yet gorgeous beauty. Since then not only were biographies written for her, but also novels and plays were created based on this subject matter. Sonic of them were faithful to the original story, many were adaptations some are still presented on stage today. The popularity of her story has fluctuated for nearly four centuries. This paper inquires into the historical authenticity of Xiaoqing and her story, diverse versions of ”The Life of Xiaoqing,” and related literary creations, with special attention to the three plays that recount Xiaoqing's tale: Chun po ring (Reflection in the Spring Pond), Fengliu yuan (The bawdy house), and Liao du geng (Soup to cure jealousy). Although The Life of Xiaoqing' exists in various versions by numourous authors, its basic story line has been invariably similar: even novel adaptations are close to the original plot, which, presumably, reflects the dissatisfaction of the literati who lamented that their talents had gone unacknowledged. Doubts about Xiaoqings authenticity and her work Fen yu (Remains of burnt manuscripts) may have been refuted by researches that proved their historical existence. As to dramatic adaptions, at least fourteen traditional operas have been created since the Ming Dynasty of which seven have survived, Among them. Chun po ring is the first opera that relates Xiaoqings story, but Fengliu yuan and Liao du geng are more famous. All three feature Xiaoqings story. though differing in forms of presentation. Today only two episodes are still staged, in Kunqu Opera: Ti qu (Composing in sadness) and jiao mu (Libation at the tomb).