英文摘要
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The Stage Hand system started in Southern Opera Theatre(南戲), where the actors also had to act as music players, they also play the role of table, chair, door and some sceneries therefore at the beginning the style of show was at the same time 'to act', to play-music, and 'to be miscellaneous'(演、奏、雜). The representation of Yuan tzachu (Yuan Opera theatre,元雜劇) surely has actual props (砌末) on stage, the front stage is separated from the rear stage by hanging a large curtain (also named kau-bei,靠背). It needed someone to lift the big curtain for the actors to get across, and during the performance there are tables, chairs and some props (砌末) to be moved and changed, thus there needed to be someone else to do it. For this reason, since Yuan Tza-chu, the Jian Chang (stage hand,檢場) goes on the stage, and the show style thus changed from serving as the musician, actor, and ”miscellaneous” worker to the style where the musician is a separate performer. Owing to the usage of drape and props, stage hands thus appear. By the later period of the Ching dynasty, there were many large-scale Chinese Opera performances in public at tea gardens (茶園); also at show garden (戲園); For raising the performance level, theatre companies started to hire full-time stage hands. Ever since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they abolished the system of stage hand, and started using the Second Curtain system (二道幕), the stage hand then changed their working space and went backstage; finally the stage hand in the long run has been hardly more than a page of history.
”Ching Palace Stage Hand Name List” and ”Chinese Opera Professional Stage Hand Name List”, were accumulated from relative writings arid information, that are very hard to come by. Besides, the information relative to stage hands’ doings and sayings are also very precious, and they help us to remember well these historical achievements that belonged to the hardworking stage hand, and a valuable service is performed to keep these informative writings.
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