古本《琵琶記》在瓦當上有新發現

A New Discovery of the Ancient Version Pipa ji (The Story of the Pipa) on Eaves Tiles

10.7020/JTCT.200912.0001

林成行(Chen-Xing Lin)

瓦當 ； 戲曲 ； 曲項琵琶 ； 古本琵琶記 ； eaves tiles ； dramatic aria ； crooked neck shape of pipa ； ancient version Pipa ji

戲曲學報

6期（2009 / 12 / 01）

1 - 15

繁體中文

瓦當上印製戲曲人物、傳奇故事是溫州明清時期的獨特文化現象，圖1、圖2只是諸多瓦當紋飾中的兩枚。 本文通過對關鍵砌末琵琶和兩句民間俚語考析，並由數幅古本插圖例證，首先認定瓦當圖1、圖2是《琵琶記》戲文。繼而根據琵琶型製特徵，區分曲項與直項兩種琵琶各自流行時代，比照晚明前流行曲項琵琶、晚明後流行直項琵琶這一史實，作出結論：繪刻有曲項琵琶的圖1、圖2是晚明或晚明前的瓦當，因而也是古本《琵琶記》瓦當。

It was a peculiar cultural phenomenon to print drama characters and stories on eaves tiles during the Ming (1386-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) era. Picture One and Picture Two are two sample photos of the many collected lined patterns on those original eaves tiles. This article first analyzes pipa, the stage property, as well as a couple of folk slang and several ancient illustrations to verify that Picture One and Picture Two were theatrical writings of Pipa ji. It follows by discussing various designs and characteristics of pipa to clarify the different time periods when the ”crooked neck shape of pipa” and the ”straight neck shape of pipa” were popular, respectively. With the finding that the crooked neck pipa was popular before the late Ming dynasty whereas the straight neck pipa was popular afterwards, this article concludes that Picture One and Two, both carved with crooked neck pipa on them, were eaves tiles either from, or before, the late Ming dynasty. Hence they were eaves tiles of the ancient version Pipa ji.

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