京劇鑼鼓〔鳳點頭〕的變化與衍生

Beijing Opera Percussion,Phoenix Nod's evolvements and derivatives

10.7020/JTCT.201512_(13).0002

劉大鵬(Da-Peng Liu)

戲曲學報

13期（2015 / 12 / 01）

45 - 56

繁體中文

京劇的「鑼鼓點」各有名稱，其結構、節奏、用途也各有規範與使用程式。為配合演員唱、唸、做、打、舞的表演，以不同的配器組合，打擊出風格迥異的鑼鼓點，同時借助不同的鑼鼓組合所產生的音色差異、強弱對比，快慢節奏，對應不同性格特徵的劇中人物形象，渲染不同的舞台氣氛。打擊樂在京劇演出中被廣泛的使用著，它不僅在節奏上千變萬化，而且還概括了很多方面的戲劇情緒，所以在伴奏上形成一些固定程式的套子；但京劇鑼鼓的變化靈巧且多樣，只要演出情節需要，就可以衍生變化出各種烘托舞臺氣氛的鑼鼓點，故有“一點多用”的特質，其中〔鳳點頭〕即為具此特質的代表性鑼鼓，由基本型〔鳳點頭〕所衍生的開唱鑼鼓，至少有6種因應不同唱腔的開法。〔鳳點頭〕為常見之「開唱鑼鼓」，每種型式的〔鳳點頭〕因快慢節奏不同，且有雙楗開點、單楗跨板開點，又有「大、小之分」，功能、名稱亦隨之而異。本文將探討〔鳳點頭〕變化與衍生。

Each Opera Percussion Point has its own name. Its structures, rhythms, and the usages in performance all have their own specifications. To compliment actor's singing, narrating, acting and dance performances, a set of different percussion instruments are combined. The percussion instruments' unique timbres are inter-wined with the strength of contrast and the variation of rhythm to produce various effects which are corresponding to different personalities and feature characters in a play. These techniques are also used to render different stage atmospheres. Percussion instruments are widely used in Beijing Opera. They are not only versatile in rhythm, but they are also capable of rendering many aspects of theatrical emotions. The formats of the percussion accompaniments were developed overtime.But since Beijing Opera Percussion is versatile and diverse, as long as performance plot needs, a new“Percussion Point”can be derived from the basic ones to enhance the stage effects. Beijing Opera Percussion is not only flexible, but it is also multifunctional.Phoenix Nod is one of the examples. Opening Nod which was derived from the basic Phoenix Nod has at least six different opening methods. Phoenix Nod is a common Opening Percussion. Each style of Phoenix Nod's Opening has different rhythm and tempo. There are Double Sticks Open Point and Single Stick Cross Board Open Point. There are also differences between Big Point and Small Point. The names and functions have unique relationship as well. This article will explore Phoenix Nod's evolvements and derivatives.

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