英文摘要
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Folk performing arts of yizhen troupes in Tainan often present various and splendid shows by cooperating with religious festivals and support from the government. Thus, there are a great number of yizhen troupes in Tainan which are still very active. Of all the performances, xiaoxi (the skits or episodes in artistic performance formations) alone presents rich content and various forms, and especially different story plots combining with music performance would display diverse styles. As for the Chequ Array, along with the music base of folk songs, we can hear Nanguan music being played. In other words, it is a folk art of singing (suchang) that combines graceful, artistic Nanguan and xiaoxi story plots. Particularly, Caoxiegongxi, an artistic formation, from Hanlin Yuan, Binlang Yuan, Gueiren District, Tainan, accompanies with Zhaozhou music, which proves that music applied in yizhen xiaoxi in Tainan is very versatile and rich. This paper is based on the field investigation on yizhen in Tainan that I have conducted for many years, plus interviews and surveys of these yizhen troupes in recent years. I have collected plenty of music data of xiaoxi dance and songs, and further analyzed the music styles of xiaoxi music applied in yizhen troupes in Tainan. Basically, there are three types: the first one is folk songs, and the music examples in Tainan could be found in the Niuli Array (Cattle-drawn Ploughing Array) in Shicao Longan Temple in Longci District, Niuli Array in Xinziliao Tianhou Temple in Nanhua District, and Niuli Array in Beishiliao Yizhen Troupe in Dongshan District. They have totally different lyrics and music tunes. The second is Nanguan music, and the example is Zuma Array troupe from Tuan Temple, Tuku Village, Xinying District, which could explain how Nanguan music has been applied in yizhen xiaoxi. The third one is Zhaozhou music and through the analysis of Caoxiegongxi in Hanlin Yuan, Binlang Yuan, Gueiren District, we could see the music scales Qing-san-liu and Qing-san-zhong-liu from Zhaozhou music have been used in turn to present the story content of a xiaoxi. The data collected via my field investigation, the analysis on yizhen xiaoxi in Tainan and the discussion over the versatile features of music of yizhen xiaoxi prove that the art preserves the content of folk songs and the legacy of traditional Nanguan and Zhaozhou music, which is historically meaningful. Hopefully, this research could provide a reference for xiaoxi music lovers to know more about the traditional music rooted in the folk culture.
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