英文摘要
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This article analyzes documentary literature from Zhu Xi and Chen Chun, prevailing in the field of Fujian drama in the Southern Song dynasty, to identify Zhu Xi's perspective on drama performance and rectify identities of the recipients of Chen Chung's letter, restructuring the opening of drama in the Song dynasty. First of all, Zhu Xi's advice to people included a "Puppet Show Ban" and "Punishment for Enjoying Music during a Funeral". However, it was not entirely a "Drama and Music Ban" but was for cultivating the populace for economic prosperity and teaching the people about humanity and ritual propriety. Secondly, Chen Chun's "A Letter to Deputy Zhao Discussing Excessive Sacrifice" and "A Letter to Deputy Fu Discussing Excessive Drama" have been widely used in the history of traditional drama; but before doing so, we need to have a clear standpoint about these Neo-Confucian officials to whom Chen Chun sent letters, in order to explain the evolution of Zhangzhou drama performance. This article begins with questioning whether the officials had the official name of "Deputy", then rectifies the prevalent errors by studying the rise and fall of Zhangzhou Neo-Confucianism since the Qing Yuan Clique Ban, as well as the way Chen Chun, a commoner, was building his circle of influence in the area. The conclusion shows that the recipients of the letter should be Zhao Rudang (1211-1213 in Zhangzhou) and Fu Yong (1219-1221 in Zhangzhou), but not Zhao Boti (1195-1197 in Zhangzhou) and Fu Bocheng (1197-1199 in Zhangzhou), which means the delivery times of the letter respectively were 14 and 20 years later than ever known. Advocating the prohibition of excessive sacrifice and excessive drama shows the flourishing prosperity of folk dramas; the drama activities recorded by Chen Chun's official correspondence overlap the time span from the birth to the spread of Wenzhou nanxi. It is concluded that Zhangzhou drama, which developed to the Jiading period (1208-1224), was not yet a mature form, but rather was a transitional stage from casual skits to large-scale dramatizations, marked by the convergence of many different artistic elements.
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