汪優游的劇場實踐及其戲劇觀

Wang Youyou's Theatre Practice and Views

10.6257/JOTS.202407_(34).001

徐亞湘(Ya-hsiang HSU)

汪優游 ； 新劇 ； 話劇 ； 上海民眾戲劇社 ； 《戲劇》 ； Wang Youyou ； modern drama ； spoken drama ； Shanghai People's Drama Club ； "Drama"

戲劇研究

34期（2024 / 07 / 01）

1 - 39

繁體中文;英文

汪優游（1888－1937）本名汪效曾，號仲賢，是中國話劇創始人之一，同時亦為中國新劇／文明戲／話劇／電影之演員、編劇、導演、愛美劇的倡導者及通俗小說作家，在商業演劇、通俗電影、戲劇教育、戲劇理論、報刊編輯上多有貢獻，是二十世紀上半葉中國文藝從業者中，從藝時間最長、專擅身分最多的代表性人物。汪優游的戲劇實踐歷程，從新劇、文明戲、愛美劇到話劇，參與並見證了中國話劇前期發展史，其並兼演京劇與電影、發起成立上海民眾戲劇社及創辦「五四」後第一份戲劇期刊《戲劇》，更是悠遊於通俗與藝術之間三十餘年的劇壇奇才。本文擬透過汪優游在一九二○年代初於《戲劇》、《時事新報》發表大量的戲劇專文、譯文及劇本的分析，一探其追求「真的戲劇」的戲劇觀，並與其彼時之劇本創作及之後的劇場實踐進行對照，另外，探究汪優游從新劇、愛美劇、話劇、京戲到文明戲的整個劇場實踐歷程，也是瞭解一位二十世紀前期的戲劇工作者，在面對理想與市場、藝術與通俗之間如何取捨適應的代表之例。為建構汪優游完整的劇場演藝史及其戲劇觀點，本文將在有限的先行研究基礎上，廣泛運用二十世紀上半葉中國報刊及《戲劇》雜誌等相關資料，並期待透過汪優游個案研究，複雜化中國話劇史關於新劇／文明戲／話劇定義、業餘／職業化演劇路線、新劇／京劇／電影實踐領域流動、戲劇理論建立等諸多問題。

Wang Youyou (1888-1937), originally named Wang Xiaozeng, with the courtesy name Zhongxian, was one of the founders of Chinese spoken drama. He was also an actor/playwright/director for modern plays/civilized dramas/spoken dramas/ movies, an advocate for amateur play, and a popular fiction writer. He made significant contributions to commercial theatrical performances, popular films, drama education, drama theory, and newspaper editing. Among the cultural workers in the Chinese literary and artistic field, Wang Youyou had the longest career and held the most diverse roles. Wang Youyou's journey in drama spanned from modern plays, amateur play, spoken dramas, to civilized dramas. He participated in and witnessed the early development of Chinese spoken drama, performed in Peking Opera and movies, founded the Shanghai People's Drama Club, and established the first drama journal "Drama" after the May Fourth Movement. As a remarkable talent, Wang Youyou adeptly navigated, for over thirty years, between the popular and artistic realms of the theater. By analyzing Wang Youyou numerous drama articles, translations, and scripts published in "Drama" and "Current Affairs News" in the early 1920s, this paper aims to explore his perspective on "authentic drama" and contrast his early works with his contemporaneous script creations and subsequent theatrical practices. Moreover, to understand the decisions and adaptations made by a drama worker from the early 20th century in balancing ideals with the market, and art with populism, the project seeks to delve into his entire theatrical journey from modern plays, amateur play, spoken dramas, Peking Opera to civilized dramas. To construct a comprehensive history of Wang Youyou's theatrical arts and his dramatic viewpoints, this project will leverage existing research and extensively utilize materials from Chinese newspapers and the "Drama" magazine in the first half of the 20th century. Through the case study of Wang Youyou, this paper aims to elucidate complex issues in the history of Chinese spoken drama, such as the definitions of modern plays/civilized dramas/spoken dramas, the amateur vs. professional theatrical paths, the intersections among modern plays/Peking Opera/movies, and the establishment of drama theory.