定期海運業者有關油價波動、燃油附加費及航速之相關性分析

The Effects of Bunker Surcharges on the Vessels' Sailing Speed-A Case Study of Liner Industry

10.29770/JTCMT.201209.0003

郭義隆(I-Lung Guo)；林遠哲(Yuan-Tseh Lin)；王棟華(Dong-Hua Wang)

燃油價格 ； 燃油附加費 ； 定期航商 ； 航行速度 ； Price of Marine Fuel Oils ； Bunker Adjustment Factor ； Liner-Shipping ； Vessels' Sailing Speed

台北海洋技術學院學報

5卷2期（2012 / 09 / 01）

39 - 51

繁體中文

航運產業的收費方式跟市場上一般行業的收費方式有所不同。航運業者除了向託運人收取契約價格之外，還會因為企業經營環境變動、政治情勢轉移、自然資源的消長，對託運人收取各種不同名目的附加費。近年來由於國際原油價格大漲，定期航運業者為了因應燃油價格的上升，從2002年開始徵收燃油附加費（BAF）。本研究採用Containerisation International Yearbook所公佈的16家大型國際海運公司的航程表，比較他們在2002年低油價時期與2008年高油價時期各主要東西航線的航行時間。航行時間的差異可以間接被用來檢測航運業者是否因為油價上漲而調整航行的速度。研究結果發現，航運業者沒有因為油價的上漲，而降低其航速以節約能源的消耗。換言之，BAF與運費分開收費方式的實施有效地降低航商的油費負擔，將油價上漲部分或全部轉嫁給託運人。

There is a difference between shipping industry and other industries in charging methods. Owing to the commercial ventures, carriers would charge shippers many kinds of surcharges other than ocean freight rate. The rising oil price in recent years has had significant effect on the price of marine fuel oil. It is hardly surprising that carriers started using Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) in 2002 to hedge the risk arising from bunker price. By examining the trade routes of Asia to Europe and Asia to North America published by Containerisation International Yearbook during the period 2002~2008, we could find the relationship between the price of marine fuel oil and vessels' sailing speed. This study provides an evidence that the rising oil price does not have a great impact on carriers' oil consumption.

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