同步口譯與字幕翻譯之簡化原則

Principles of Simplification in Simultaneous Interpreting and Subtitling

10.29912/CTR.200809.0002

楊承淑(Cheng-Shu Yang)

訊息簡化的類別 ； 訊息的可回復性 ； 口語話語與書寫文本比較 ； types of information simplification ； the recoverability of information ； comparisons between spoken language and written text

編譯論叢

1卷1期（2008 / 09 / 01）

43 - 69

繁體中文

本文的主旨是針對介乎口譯與筆譯之間的「簡化」（simplification）現象，探討口語語篇與書寫文本在譯語訊息簡化上的原則並比較其差異。同步口譯與字幕翻譯在話語情境上都必須與不同語言的影音媒體並行，並共有話語行為或影像訊息。而不同的是，同步口譯的訊息包含了書寫文本與即興的話語行為，而字幕翻譯內容則涵蓋了經過編輯的書面及影音訊息。本文將透過Nida（1964, pp. 231-233） 對筆譯中「減譯」（subtractions）的定義與闡釋，對照Barik（1971）對口譯省略的分類、Øverås（1998）對小說翻譯的訊息增減對比、花岡修（2000，2001）筆譯與影視時差口譯的對比分析，以及王真瑤（2005）對視譯、同步口譯、筆譯的對照比較、楊承淑（2006b）的口筆譯簡化類別及屬性描述、林慧如（2007）的筆譯簡化類型及成因分析等，以口筆譯語料及多語言間的翻譯為對象的前人實證研究，對於簡化的屬性與功能加以梳理及描述。至於本研究的語言組合，則採取中、英、日交叉分析的方式進行比較分析。藉由口譯及筆譯在不同媒體介面下的操作，為口語傳述與書寫文本的訊息省略及回復，提出話語與文本內外之影響因素，並描述其內在屬性及其操作原則。

This paper discusses the principles of simplification in translation and interpretation and observes how they are different when used with spoken language and written text. Speech situations for simultaneous interpretation and subtitling both require synchronization with media of a different language. They both involve speech acts and image information. However, SI messages tend to reflect the written text (when provided) and impromptu speech acts, whereas subtitling reflects edited text and audio-visual information.This paper examines Nida's (1964, pp. 231-233) findings on the role of subtractions in translation and contrasts it with many studies in the same area of research including: Barik's (1971) categories of omission in interpretation; Øverås' (1998) study on addition and subtractions in literary translation; Osamu Hanaoka's (2000, 2001) comparative analysis of translation and visual time lapse in interpretation; Chen-Yao Wang's (2005) study on sight translation, simultaneous interpretation, and translation; Cheng-shu Yang's (2006b) study on the types of simplification in interpretation and their characteristics; and Huey-Ru Lin's (2007) analysis on the types of simplification in translation and their functions. By analyzing T&I corpora and past studies that focus on interpretation among numerous languages, this paper aims to examine the role and properties of simplification on a deeper level. This study also includes comparative analyses that focus specifically on the Chinese, English, and Japanese languages by means of cross analysis.Information is often eliminated and recovered when interpretation and translation is carried out under different media. This is caused by a number of internal and external factors in both spoken language and written text, and these internal properties and their operational principles are carefully explained in this study.

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