技術移轉成功因素和成功準則之探討：以DRAM製造技術移轉為例

The Successful Factors and Successful Criteria for Technology Transfer Study: A Case of DRAM Manufacturing Technology

10.30136/ZXYGLKX.200812.0002

吳家揚(Ivan Wu)；吳徐哲(H-C Wu)

技術移轉 ； DRAM ； 成功因素 ； 成功準則 ； technology transfer ； DRAM ； successful factors ； successful criteria

資訊與管理科學

1卷1期（2008 / 12 / 01）

24 - 45

繁體中文

本研究以DRAM製造技術為研究對象，究探討成功因素和成功準則之相關性，利用文獻、觀察法和訪談來進行。成功因素包含：管理階層支持、激勵、人、互動機制和專案團隊特性；而成功準則包含：整體績效、接受者滿意度和移轉過程滿意度。 傳統技術移轉架構文獻，較少以技術移轉關係人角度考量。本研究應用傳統技術移轉架構結合組織氣候因素，來建構DRAM技術移轉的關鍵成功因素和成功準則。技術移轉最重要關係人為技術提供者與技術接受者，而「技術移轉關係人」應列入重要因素之一。本研究以「關鍵型技術移轉」與「整體性技術移轉」為焦點，以台灣的「DRAM製造技術」技術移轉為例來說明：(1)可能影響績效和結果的成功因素；(2)技術移轉的成功準則；(3)成功因素和成功準則的關聯性。 本研究發現五個成功因素是一體且缺一不可，技術移轉關係人是重要的因素，且和其他因素環環相扣，而成功準則最重要的是整體績效。整體績效、接受者滿意度和移轉過程滿意度這三個準則可以分開來談，且可以個別獨立對應到成功因素。總而言之，技術移轉必須要有管理階層支持、適當的人，配合技術特性、雙方資源、營造團隊氣候和技術提供者的技術服務等等，才有可能成功。

This paper explores the impact of successful factors on successful criteria for technology transfer. This case study focuses on the DRAM manufacturing technology transfer between two DRAM companies. The research process includes literature review, observation and interviews. The research reveals successful factors that include management supports, incentives, people, interactions, and the characteristics of project teams. The successful criteria include overall performance, recipient satisfaction, and the satisfaction of the transfer process. This research found that people who are responsible for technology transfer and technology receiver were rarely taken into consideration in traditional technology transfer literature. This study combines traditional technology transfer with organization climate and constructs the key success factors and the success criteria to DRAM technology transfer. The most important clients for technology transfer are technology receiver and technology provider. ”People” are one of the key factors. In short, a successful technology transfer needs management support, proper people, well developed characteristics of project team, transferee and transferor resources, encouraging team climate and technology services from technology provider.

1. Applegate, L.M.、季延平譯、黃瓊玉譯(2005)。企業資訊策略與管理。台北:旗標出版社。
2. Beale, P.,Freeman, M.(1991).Successful project execution: A model.Project Management Journal,22(4),23-30.
3. Chen, M.(1995).Technological transfer to China: Major rules and issues.International Journal of Technology Management,10(7/8),747-756.
4. Cooke-Davies, T.(2002).The "real" success factors on projects.International Journal of Project Management,20,185-190.
5. Darnall, R. W.(1998).The world's greatest project.International Journal of Project Management,16(2),129-130.
6. Dyer, J. H.,Nobeoka, K.(2000).Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case.Strategic Management Journal,21(3),345-367.
7. Gabriel, G.(1991).Teamwork-fact and fiction.International Journal of Project Management,9(4),195-198.
8. Gregory, N.,Mohan, V.(2000).A typology of project-level technology transfer process.Journal of Operations Management,18(3),719-737.
9. Hansen, G. S.,Wernerfelt, B.(1989).Determinants of firm performance: the relative importance of economic and organizational factors.Strategic Management Journal,10,399-411.
10. Hubbard, D. G.(1990).Successful Utility project management from lessons learned.Project Management Journal,21(3),19-23.
11. Kalakota, Ravi,M. Robinson(2001).e-Business 2.0--Roadmap for Success.Addison-Wesley Press.
12. Lieberman, M. B.(1989).The learning curve, technology barriers to enter, and competitive survival in the chemical processing industries.Strategic Management Journal,10,431-447.
13. Lim, C. S.,Mohamed, M. Z.(1999).Criteria of project success: an exploratory re-examination.International Journal of Project Management,17(4),243-248.
14. Loo, R.(2003).Assessing "team climate" in project teams.International Journal of Project Management,21,511-517.
15. Madu, N. C.(1989).Transferring technology to developing countries-critical factors for success.Long Range Planning,22(4),115-124.
16. Ounjian, L. M.,Carne, E. B.(1987).A study of the factors which affect technology transfer in a multilocation mltibusiness unit corporation.IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management,34(3),194-201.
17. Pinto, J. K.,Slevin, D. P.(1988).Project success: definitions and measurement techniques.Project Management Journal,14(1),67-72.
18. Pinto, J. K.,Slevin, D. P.(1988).Critical success factors across the project life cycle.Project Management Journal,14(3),67-74.
19. Radosevich, R.(1995).A model for entrepreneurial spin-offs from public t9chnology sources.Int. J. Technology Management,10(7/8),879-893.
20. Rajagopalan, N.(1996).Strategic orientations, incentive plan adoptions, and firm performance: Evidence from electric utility firms.Strategic Management Journal,18,761-785.
21. Shenhar, A.(1991).Project management style and technological uncertainty (part 1): From Low- to High-Tech.Project Management Journal,22(4),11-14.
22. Tan, R. R.(1996).Success criteria and success factor for external technology transfer project.Project Management Journal,45-56.
23. Trott, P.,Cordey-Hayes, M.(1996).Developing a receptive R&D environment for inward technology transfer: A case study of the chemical industry.R&D Management,26(1),83-92.
24. Turner, J. R.(1994).Project management: future developments for the short and medium term.International Journal of Project Management,12(1),3-4.
25. Wong, J. K.(1995).Technology transfer in Thailand: Descriptive validation of a technology transfer model.International journal of Technology Management,10(7/8),788-796.
26. 方世杰(1999)。產研研發聯盟之廠商特質、技術移轉特性、互動機制與績效之研究。管理學報，16(4)，633-659。
27. 江炯聰(1984)。產業發展與技術移轉之評價－兼論日、韓汽車技術合作之個案。台灣經濟研究月刊，7(10)，81-87。
28. 吳青松(1995)。國際企業管理－理論與實務。台北:智勝出版社。
29. 張紹勳(2004)。研究方法。台中:滄海書局。
30. 劉瑞圖(1994)。科技企業的技術移轉之九。工業簡訊，24(8)，63-68。
31. 劉瑞圖(1994)。科技企業的技術移轉之十。工業簡訊，24(9)，60-73。
32. 劉瑞圖(1994)。科技企業的技術移轉之八。工業簡訊，24(7)，37-47。
33. 嚴永晃(1987)。技術管理與策略：理論與實務。台北:環球經濟社。