澎湖二崁聚落觀光發展對居民生活品質影響之探究

The Impact of the Erkan Settlement Toursim Development on Residents' Quality of Life

郁孟庭(Meng-Ting Yu)；林晏州(Yann-Jou Lin)

觀光發展 ； 傳統聚落 ； 生活品質 ； 深度訪談 ； 澎湖居民 ； Tourism development ； Traditional settlement ； Quality of Life (QoL) ； Oral interview ； Penghu residents

島嶼觀光研究

7卷4期（2014 / 12 / 01）

1 - 26

繁體中文

隨著觀光產業的蓬勃發展，政府亦開始推動地方文化發展的觀光發展模式，但當開始發展觀光時，除了正面效益外，也會造成負面的影響，其中最直接影響的便是當地居民的生活品質。本研究目的在於探討澎湖西嶼二崁傳統聚落發展觀光後對於居民生活品質認知之影響。研究方法採深度訪談，於102年11月進行實地觀察及初步訪談藉以研擬出訪談問題，再於103年2月進行口頭訪談，訪談人數為43位。研究結果顯示，居民們對於二崁聚落觀光發展後所帶來的生活品質影響多為正向的，表示觀光對於聚落發展不僅能調劑身心、增進社區凝聚力，也可以帶來產業經濟助益，但仍有部分的居民提及未參與相關的觀光發展活動，並對於觀光發展後所造成的噪音及環境整潔頗有微詞，因此未來可以多讓社區居民對於發展觀光的想法進行溝通與交流，以避免誤會與隔閡增加。

With the rapid development of the tourism industry, the government has begun to promote the tourism-development model by combined leisure with local cultural. It has positive benefits and negative impacts when the region begins to develop the tourism, and the most direct impact is on the residents' quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of tourism development on traditional settlement residents' quality of life in Erkan, Penghu. The pilot interviews and field observations were conducted on November, 2013. Forty three residents were formally interviewed on February, 2014. The results indicate that the development of tourism had mostly positive effects on quality of life, and most respondents agreed that community cohesion was improved. Many people said that the tourism development was great to provide physical and mental relaxation, enhance community cohesion, and bring the industrial economy. However, some residents were still not involved in such activities, and some of them complained about the noise and environment caused by tourism development. Therefore, more opportunities for residents to communicate ideas of tourism development is helpful to avoid misunderstanding and alienation.

1. 吳武忠、方彥博、呂謙、張瑞心、甘唐沖(2010)。傳統聚落保存與觀光遊憩衝突之研究。運動休閒餐旅研究，5(3)，1-21。
   連結：
2. 林菁真、陳玉珮、胡俊傑(2010)。觀光發展衝擊認知與態度之研究─以澎湖居民為例。島嶼觀光研究，3(1)，164-186。
   連結：
3. 洪慈憶、蔡進士、蔡燿隆(2013)。王功地區居民對觀光衝擊認知與態度之研究。運動與遊憩研究，7(4)，23-43。
   連結：
4. 陳沛悌、裴蕾、陳甫鼎、李正慧(2008)。當地居民對觀光產業發展的態度以及影響居民態度之相關因素。運動休閒餐旅研究，3(2)，53-72。
   連結：
5. 廖淑容(2009)。鄉村地區生活品質評量之研究。台灣土地研究，12(1)，55-81。
   連結：
6. 澎湖縣政府民政處（2014）。戶政歷年統計資料。上網日期：2014 年5 月15 日，網址：http://www.penghu.gov.tw/civil/home.jsp?serno=201201070002&mserno=201110250012&contlink=ap/unit1.jsp
7. 澎湖縣政府文化局（2013）。文化資產。上網日期：2013 年8 月30 日。網址：http://www.phhcc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?mserno=201210030004&serno=201210030004&contlink=include/menu02.jsp&level=2
8. 全國法規資料庫（2013）。文化資產保存法施行細則。上網日期：2013 年8 月30日。網址：http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=H0170004
9. Allen, B. L.,Long, P.,Perdue, R. R.(1987).Rural resident tourism perceptions and attitudes.Annals of Tourism Research,14(4),420-429.
10. Ap, J.,Crompton, J. L.(1998).Developing and testing a tourism impact scale.Journal of Travel Research,37,122-130.
11. Bonaiuto, M.,Fornara, F.,Bonnes, M.(2003).Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and neighbourhood attachment in ruban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome.Landscape and Urban Planning,65,41-52.
12. Brougham, J. E.,Butler, R. W.(1981).A segmentation analysis of resident attitudes to the social impact of tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,8(4),569-589.
13. Campbell, A.,Converse, P. E.,Rodgers, W. L.(1976).The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions.New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
14. Dahmann, D. C.(1985).Assessments of neighborhood quality in meteropolitan America.Urban Affairs Quarterly,20(4),511-535.
15. Ferrans, C. E.,Powers, M. J.(1992).Psychometeric assessment of the quality of life indexs.Research in Nursing and Health,15,29-38.
16. Flanagan, J. C.(1978).A research approach to improving our quality of life.American Psychologist,33(2),138-147.
17. Gunn, C. A.(1979).Tourism planning.New York:Crane Russak.
18. Healey, Baker(1993).Eruopean real estate monitor.London:Healey and Baker.
19. Jenaro, C.,Verdugo, M. A.,Caballo, C.,Balboni, G.,Lachapelle, Y.,Otrebski, W.,Schalock, R. L.(2005).Cross-cultural study of person-centred quality of life domains and indicators: A replication.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,49,734-739.
20. Lankford, S. V.,Howard, D. R.(1994).Developing a tourism impact attitude scale.Annals of Tourism Research,21(1),121-139.
21. Liu, B. C.(1980).Economic growth and quality of life: A comparative indicator analysis between China(Taiwan), U.S.A. and other developed countries.American Journal of Economics and Sociology,39(1),1-21.
22. Mathieson, A.,Wall, G.(1982).Tourism: Economic, physical and social impact.New York:Longman.
23. Mill, R.C.,MorrIson, A. M.(1992).The tourism system: An introductory text.Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
24. Mitchell, J. M.,Kemp, B. J.(2000).Quality of life in assisted living homes: A multidimensional analysis.Journal of Gerontology Psychological Sciences,55(2),117-127.
25. Mustafa, M. H.,Tayeh, S. A.(2011).The Impacts of Tourism Development on the Archaeological Site of Petra and Local Communities in Surrounding Villages.Asian Social Science,7(8),88-96.
26. Ozyavuz, Murat(Ed.)(2012).Landscape Planning.Croatia:InTech.
27. Pizam, A.(1978).Tourism impacts: The social costs to the destination community as perceived by its residents.Journal of Travel Research,16,8-12.
28. Schneider, M.(1976).The quality of life and social indicators research.Public Administration Review,36,297-305.
29. Shafer, C. S.,Lee, B. K.,Turner, S.(2000).A tale of three greenway trails: User perceptions related to quality of life.Landscape and Urban Planning,49,163-178.
30. Sheldon, P.,Var, T.(1984).Resident attitudes to tourism in north Wales.Tourism Management,5(1),40-47.
31. Sirgy, M. J.,Gao, T.,Young, R. F.(2008).How does residents' satisfaction with community services influence quality of life(QOL) outcomes?.Applied Research Quality Life,3,81-105.
32. Sirgy, M. J.,Rahtz, D. R.,Cicic, M.,Underwood, R.(2000).A method for assessing residents' satisfaction with community-based services a quality-of-life perspective.Social Indicators Research,49,279-316.
33. Skevington, S.M.,Lotfy, M.,O'Connell, K.A.(2004).The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial a report from the WHOQOL Group.Quality of Life Research,13,299-310.
34. Spain, D.(1988).The effect of changing household composition on neighborhood satisfaction.Urban Affairs Quarterly,23(4),581-600.
35. The WHOQOL Group(1998).Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment.Psychological Medicine,28(3),551-558.
36. Vargas-Sánchez, A.,Plaza-Mejía, M. A.,Porras-Bueno, N.(2009).Understanding residents' attitudes toward the development of industrial tourism in a former mining community.Journal of Travel Research,47,373-387.
37. Wahab, Salah,Crampon, L. J.,Rothfield, L. M.(1976).Tourism marketing.London:Tourism International Press.
38. Wang, S.,Bickle, M.,Harrill, R.(2010).Residents' attitudes toward tourism development in Shandong, China.International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,4(4),327-339.
39. 米復國、吳瓊芬(1993)。,台北:行政院文化建設委員會。
40. 林素穗(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台南市，立德管理學院地區發展及管理研究所。
41. 林連聰、宋秉明、陳思倫(2011)。觀光學概論。台北:五南圖書出版公司。
42. 姚開屏(2007)。國科會人文處計畫成果報告國科會人文處計畫成果報告,台北:國科會人文處。
43. 朗卡爾、黃發典譯(1993)。觀光旅遊社會學。台北:遠流出版公司。
44. 郭肇立(1998)。聚落與社會。台北:田園城市出版社。
45. 游忠霖、曾珮瑩(2007)。漫步二崁。澎湖:澎湖縣政府。
46. 劉秋雪(2007)。澎湖西嶼二崁聚落保存區之歷史發展及居民參與現況探究。藝術論壇，5，88-111。
47. 歐聖榮、顏宏旭(1994)。金門地區觀光發展衝擊認知之研究。戶外遊憩研究，7(4)，61-89。

1. 蔡進士(2019)。探究居民觀點下的社區觀光發展願景─以台東永安社區為例。休閒與遊憩研究，10(2)，91-117。