清代臺灣移民社會土著化現象初探－以傳統建築形式衍化為例

RESEARCH ON THE PHENOMENON OF IMMIGRANT SOCIETY OF INDIGENIZATION-A CASE STUDY THE DERIVATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDING PROTOTYPE CHARACTER OF TAIWAN IN QING-DYNASTY

簡聰敏(Tsung-Min Chien)；黃慶輝(Ching-Hui Huang)；陳其澎(Chie-Peng Chen)

傳統建築 ； （原鄉）移民 ； 殖民（系） ； 廟宇建築 ； 土著化 ； Traditional architecture ； Immigrants ； Colonization ； Temple architecture ； Indigenization

南亞學報

43期（2023 / 12 / 30）

122 - 148

繁體中文;英文

過往論建築以形式主義、結構主義等表徵意義或二元結構論作為歸納論證的研究評析基礎，與現代追求物質真實性的研究態度逐漸悖離。自明朝鄭氏家族入臺（西元1661年）開始，臺灣即由一個自原鄉中國傳統漢族文化為基礎的移民系社會所組成的群體，期間歷經原鄉漢族文化、外族與外國強權勢力的干預與侵略，及臺灣在地本土族群對文化認同的交織，其地方性文化衍化的基底結構受本土地域性原住民（系）、殖民（系）、漢族原鄉等，文化與空間的交融、堆疊，於同一時間軸上經過族群間於空間板塊的融合與疊置活動，逐漸由中國原鄉文化移入臺灣形成一種內地化歷程，並受西方殖民文化的西洋風交錯形成地域文化流動等因素，及近代1980年代興起的本土化運動，催化臺灣逐步轉變形成具東西文明與文化地域性複雜（合）的多元特質體系，謂之土著化現象。因此，論證臺灣傳統建築存在由「內地化」到「土著化」所建構的史觀具有重要意義。本研究以西元1661年明代鄭氏入臺至1949年國民政府遷臺期間，漢族移民（系）聚落生活空間作為主要研究對象，探究中國原鄉移民臺灣過程所體現於建築的地方性文化存有顯著的地域性特徵，在不同族群文化堆置過程產生交互作用後，體現傳統建築存有一種地域文化的衍化現象，是一種相對於原鄉的「內地化」過程，經由移民、殖民、競合等族群發展活動，產生一種在地「土著化」的現象；本研究藉由歸析傳統建築的結構構架與構築形式的演化過程，驗證臺灣傳統建築存有相對於原鄉漢族建築在地域文化差異，研究目的彙整如下：（一）由文獻回溯及史論的推論，驗證臺灣傳統建築隨中國南方漢族移民系社會移入臺灣，經族群文化的流動與衍化過程，存有內地化過渡到土著化的關係與現象。（二）臺灣傳統建築受原鄉移民與殖民（系）文化的影響，體現於空間在不同文化融合過程中，存有建築大木結構構築形式衍化的現象。

In the past, form, emblem and binary Opposition theory were used as scientific materials. The research base of scientific argumentation gradually goes against the modern research attitude of pursuing material truth. The research attitude gradually runs counter to it. Since the Zheng family entered Taiwan in the Ming Dynasty (1661 AD), Taiwan has been composed of an immigrant society based on traditional Chinese Han culture. Intervention of national and foreign powers, and the intertwining of cultural identity of local ethnic groups in Taiwan, the evolution of local culture is influenced by local cultural and spatial exchanges, stacking, and space on the same time axis due to the influence of repeated misplaced activities, and the regional cultural flow caused by the interlacing of Western colonial culture and Western style Elements, catalyzing Taiwan's gradual transformation into a complex multi characterristic system with Eastern and Western civilizations and cultural regions. This study takes the living space of Han immigrants (lines) settlements as the research object during the period from 1661 AD, when the Zheng family entered Taiwan in the Ming Dynasty to 1949, when the Nationalist government moved to Taiwan, to explore the local culture embodied in the architecture of the process of Chinese immigrants from their hometowns. There are significant regional characteristics, and after the interaction of different ethnic group cultures, it reflects the traditional construction There is a phenomenon of evolution of regional culture in Zhucun; through the evolution of traditional architectural forms such as temples, dwellings, street houses, and public use, it is verified that there are regional cultural differences in traditional Taiwanese architecture compared with the original Han architecture (base type), The purpose of this study is summarized as follows: 1. Through the deduction of literature review and theoretical construction, it is verified that the traditional architecture of Taiwan moved with the Han immigrant society in southern China, and there is a phenomenon of evolution through the flow of ethnic culture. 2. Taiwan's traditional architecture is influenced by colonial (system) culture, which reflects the concept of evolution of architectural forms in the process of fusion of different cultures in space.