不同水準棒球選手打擊之視覺焦點策略比較

Comparison of Visual Tracking Strategy during Hitting Between Different Skilled Baseball Players

10.3966/207332672015041201005

劉雅甄(Ya-Zhen Liu)

視覺線索 ； 揮棒 ； 訊息接收 ； Visual cues ； Swing ； Information detect

華人運動生物力學期刊

12卷1期（2015 / 04 / 01）

32 - 38

繁體中文

目的：不同水準棒球選手在打擊時對投手投球過程中的前臂、上臂、頭、軀幹、下肢、非身體等共六種部位進行視覺焦點策略之比較。方法：受試對象為大專甲組棒球隊選手10名，大專乙組棒球隊選手18名，以德國SMI公司所研製的頭盔式視覺追蹤儀為工具，請受試者以模擬打擊情境注視投影於布幕上的投手投球過程，將投手投球分為投球準備期、抬腿至高期、最大跨步期、揮臂出手期等四期，以獨立樣本t-test進行統計分析。結果：投球準備期，甲組選手的視覺焦策略點較乙組選手集中於頭部（p＜.05）；抬腿至高期，甲組選手的視覺焦點策略則較乙組選手集中於上半身（p＜.05）；最大跨步期，甲組選手的視覺焦點策略在手臂上較乙組選手集中（p＜.05）；揮臂出手期，乙組選手在軀幹上的視覺焦點策略上較甲組選手集中（p＜.05）。結論：甲組選手在投手投球過程的視覺焦點策略模式為小範圍區間做穩定的追蹤投手，乙組選手視覺焦點範圍面積則較甲組選手大，容易在視覺焦點判斷上產生誤判之狀況，繼而影響打擊表現；就投手而言，應在投擲不同球路時，盡可能地維持揮臂出手過程中動作的一致性，以避免被打擊者判斷出將要投出的球路。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate difference of visual tracking strategy during hitting between elite and normal baseball players. Methods: 10 elite and 18 normal baseball players recruited from elite and normal skill level university baseball teams, respectively. The iView head-mounted eye tracking device was used for measuring visual tracking strategy. Subject observed pitching movement which was projected to the screen, while he simulated to hit a pitch. The location of visual tracking was defined as six areas such as pitcher's forearm, upper arm, head, trunk, lower extremity and outside-of-pitcher. Results: After analysis of independent sample t-test, elite players were focus on pitcher's head at the wind-up phase, were focus on upper extremity at the leg-lift-top phase, and were focus on upper arm at the stride phase (p＜.05). However, normal players almost put his attention on pitcher's trunk area than elite players at the ball release phase (p＜.05). Conclusion: The visual tracking strategy of elite player keeps on smell area and stable during hitting. The normal players might misjudge a pitch and have poor ball-bat contact due to the huge area of visual tracking. The results also suggested that pitcher should be keeping the consistence of arm movement during pitching. It's allowed that batters hard to recognize correct pitching pattern.

1. 江昆達、劉強、高英傑(2010)。投擲不同重量棒球對投手動作與球速之影響。華人運動生物力學期刊，2(1)，22-30。
   連結：
2. 劉雅甄(2014)。棒球選手打擊之視覺焦點策略分析。華人運動生物力學期刊，11，13-19。
   連結：
3. 潘亮安、劉雅甄(2013)。甲組優秀棒球選手打擊狀況優劣之個案追蹤分析。華人運動生物力學期刊，9，1-10。
   連結：
4. 戴金憲、邱文信(2012)。樂樂棒球揮棒擊球的視覺凝視差異。華人運動生物力學期刊，7，13-15。
   連結：
5. Abernethy, B.,Russell, D.G(1987).Expert-novice differences in an applied selective attention task.Journal of Sport Psychology,9,326-345.
6. Brogan, D.(Ed.)(1990).Visual search.London:Taylor & Francis.
7. Fleisig, G. S.,Barrentine, S. W.,Zheng, N.,Escamilla, R.F.,Andrews, J. R.(1999).Kinematic andkinetic comparison of baseball pitchingamong various levels of development.Journal of Biomechanics,32,1371-1375.
8. Goulet, C.,Bard, C.,Fleury, M.(1989).Expertise differences in preparing to return a tennis serve: A visual information processing approach.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,11,382-398.
9. Kato, T.,Fukuda, T.(2002).Visual search strategies of baseball batters: eye movements during the preparatory phase of batting.Perceptual and Motor Skills,94,380-386.
10. Land, M. F.,McLeod, P.(2000).From eye movements to actions: how batsmen hit the ball.Nature neuroscience,3(12),1340-1345.
11. Matsuo, T.,Escamilla, R.F.,Fleisig, G.S.,Barrentine, S.W.,Andrews, J.R.(2001).Comparison of kinematic and temporal parameters between different pitch velocity groups.Journal of Applied Biomechanics,17,1-13.
12. Stodden, D.F.,Fleisig, G.S.,McLean, S.P.,Andrews, J.R.(2005).Relationship of biomechanical factors to baseball pitching velocity: within pitcher variation.Journal of Applied Biomechanics,21,44-56.
13. Vickers, J. N.(1996).Visual control when aiming at a fat target.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,22,342-354.
14. Williams, A. M.,Davids, K.(1998).Visual search strategy, selective attention, and expertise in soccer.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,69,111-128.
15. Williams, A. M.,Davids, K.,Burwitz, L.,Williams, J.G.(1994).Visual search strategies in experienced and inexperienced soccer players.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,65,127-135.
16. Williams, A. M.,Davids, K.,Williams, J. G.(1999).Visual perception and action in sport.London:E & FN Spon.
17. 鍾瓊瑤(1998)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。桃園縣，國立體育學院教練研究所。

1. 劉雅甄(2016)。不同性別優秀運動員之動體視力差異。運動研究，25(2)，19-27。
2. (2024)。棒球選手配戴太陽眼鏡對球體判斷與打擊表現之影響。大專體育學刊，26(3)，275-287。