停訓與減量策略對青少年跆拳道選手力量表現之影響

Effect of detraining and tapering strategies on the strength performance of adolescent taekwondo athletes

10.53106/207332672022091902006

李珍鎬(Jin-Ho Lee)；王翔星(Hsiang-Hsin Wang)；湯惠婷(Hui-Ting Tang)；陳彥豪(Yan-Hao Chen)；李佳蓁(Jia-Zhen Li)

技擊運動 ； 發力率 ； 爆發力 ； combat sports ； rate of force development ； power

華人運動生物力學期刊

19卷2期（2022 / 09 / 01）

40 - 45

繁體中文

目的：分析跆拳道青少年選手完成12週阻力訓練後，執行停訓（detraining, DT）或減量訓練（tapering, TP）對力量表現之影響。方法：22名完成12週阻力訓練之現役男性青少年跆拳道選手為受試者，以最大肌力水準分層隨機分配為11位停訓組（detraining group.DTG）及11位減量組（tapering group, TPG）。TPG維持前一期訓練計畫中「速度與爆發力訓練期」之訓練強度與頻率，但訓練量減半的阻力訓練。前一期阻力訓練結束48小時進行前測，前測結束後第7天及第14天分別進行中測與後測。依變項包括最大肌力、50毫秒發力率、100毫秒發力率及反向跳高度。以單因子相依變異數分析及獨立樣本t檢定比較組內與組間差異，組內差異若達顯著水準以Bonferroni法進行事後比較。結果:DTG中測與後測之最大肌力顯著優於前測（p＜.01），中測之50毫秒發力率顯著優於前測（p＜.05）。TPG中測的最大肌力、50毫秒發力率、100毫秒發力率及反向跳高度顯著優於前測（p＜.01），後測的50毫秒發力率亦優於前測及中測（p＜.01）。組間比較發現DTG中測的最大肌力進步率顯著優於TPG（p＜.01），但TPG後測的50毫秒發力率進步率顯著優於DTG（p＜.01）。結論：7天與14天的DT與TP均能維持前一期阻力訓練之成果。7天TP比7天的DT有更多力量發展的優勢且14天TP的50毫秒發力率達最高進步率。故TP策略比DT策略更有利跆拳道選手專項所需的力量表現。

Purpose: The study was to analyze the effect of detraining (DT) and tapering (TP) after 12-week resistant training on the strength performance of adolescent taekwondo athletes. Methods: 22 active male teenage taekwondo athletes who completed 12 weeks of resistance training were selected as subjects, and were randomly assigned to 11 detraining group (DTG) and 11 tapering group. TPG maintains the training intensity and frequency of the ＂speed and explosive power training period＂ in the previous training plan, but the training volume was halved. The pre-test was conducted 48 hours after the end of the previous resistance training cycle, and the mid-test and post-test were conducted on the 7th and 14th days after the pre-test. The dependent variables included maximal strength, 50-ms rate of force development (RFD), 100-ms RFD, and the height of countermovement jump. Repeated measured ANOVA and independent sample t-test were used to compare the differences within and between groups. Bonferroni's method was used for post-hoc comparison if the differences within groups reached a significant level. Results: In DTG, the maximal strength at the mid-test and post-test was significantly greater than that of the pre-test (p＜ .01), and the 50-ms RFD at the mid-test was significantly better than that of the pre-test (p ＜ .05). In TPG, the maximal strength, 50-ms RFD, 100-ms RFD, and the height of countermovement jump of the post-test were significantly better than those in the pre-test (p＜ .01), and the 50-ms RFD was significantly greater than the pre-test and mid-test. Between-group comparisons found that DTG was significantly better than TPG in the improvement of maximal strength (p ＜ .01), but the 50-ms RFD at TPG post-test was significantly better than DTG post-test (p ＜ .01). Conclusions: Both 7-day and 14-day DT and TP can maintain the training effect of pervious resistant training program. The 7-day TP could develop more strength than the 7-day DT, and the 50-ms RFD improved the most in 14-day TP. Therefore, the TP strategy is more beneficial to the strength performance required by taekwondo athletes than the DT strategy.

1. Beltran-Valls, M. R.,Camarero-López, G.,Beltran-Garrido, J. V.,Cecilia-Gallego, P.(2020).Effects of a tapering period on physical condition in soccer players.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,34(4),1086-1092.
2. Chen, Y. T.,Hsieh, Y. Y.,Ho, J. Y.,Lin, T. Y.,Lin, J. C.(2022).Two weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in endurance athletes.European Journal of Sport Science,22(3),399-406.
3. García-Pallarés, J.,Sánchez-Medina, L.,Pérez, C. E.,Izquierdo-Gabarren, M.,Izquierdo, M.(2010).Physiological effects of tapering and detraining in world-class kayakers.Medicine and Science in sports and Exercise,42(6),1209-1214.
4. Gibala, M. J.,MacDougall, J. D.,Sale, D. G.(1994).The effects of tapering on strength performance in trained athletes.International Journal of Sports Medicine,15(8),492-497.
5. Ha¨kkinen, K.,Kallinen, M.,Komi, P. V,Kauhanen, H.(1991).Neuromuscular adaptations during short-term “normal” and reduced training periods in strength athletes.Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology,31,35-42.
6. Hernández-Davó, J. L.,Sabido, R.(2014).Rate of force development: reliability, improvements and influence on performance. A review.European Journal of Human Movement,33,46-69.
7. Kavvoura, A.,Zaras, N.,Stasinaki, A. N.,Arnaoutis, G.,Methenitis, S.,Terzis, G.(2018).The importance of lean body mass for the rate of force development in taekwondo athletes and track and field throwers.Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology,3(3),43.
8. Mujika, I.,Padilla, S.(2000).Detraining: Loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations: Part II. Long term insufficient training stimulus.Sports Medicine,30(3),145-154.
9. Terzis G, Stratakos G,Georgiadis G.(2008).Throwing performance after resistance training and detraining.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,22(4),1198-1204.
10. Thompson, B. J.,Ryan, E. D.,Sobolewski, E. J.,Smith, D. B.,Conchola, E. C.,Akehi, K.,Buckminster, T.(2011).Can maximal and rapid isometric torque characteristics predict playing level in Division I American collegiate football players?.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,27(3),655-661.