大專棒球野手體能素質與專項技術表現之關聯性

The correlation between physical qualities and sports performance of college baseball fielders

10.53106/207332672022091902002

邱俊文(Chun-Wen Chiu)；王信民(Hsin-Min Wang)；郭勇志(Yung-Chih Kuo)；謝承勳(Cheng-Hsun Hsieh)；劉子豪(Tzu-Hao Liu)

人體測量學 ； 棒球專項技術 ； 天賦 ； 體能測驗 ； Anthropometrics ； Baseball-related specific skill ； Talent identification ； Physical capacity test

華人運動生物力學期刊

19卷2期（2022 / 09 / 01）

9 - 18

繁體中文

目的：了解大專棒球野手體能素質與專項技術運動表現之間的關係。方法：共24位大專棒球野手參與，針對棒球野手體能及專項技術進行檢測，體能檢測包含身體組成、柔軟度、上肢／下肢瞬發力、無氧適能、折返跑能力等六項；專項技術檢測包括打擊能力（擊球速度、球棒速度、擊球飛行距離、與擊球仰角）及跑壘速度（本壘至一壘、本壘至二壘、全壘跑）。以無母數檢定Kruskal-Wallis單因子變異數分析三個守備位置在體能及棒球專項技術能力之差異，再以皮爾森積差相關分析體能素質與專項技術能力之間的關係。結果：內野手、外野手、及捕手三者間在體能素質無顯著差異（p＞.05），在專項技術表現，除了本壘至一壘跑壘秒數內野手與外野手均快於捕手之外（p＜.05），其餘均無顯著差異（p＞.05）。分析大專野手專項技術表現與體能素質兩者之間的關係，以擊球速度與坐姿藥球前丟達顯著正相關；球棒速度與坐姿藥球前丟達顯著正相關；本壘至一壘秒數與坐姿體前彎達顯著正相關；本壘至一壘秒數、本壘至二壘秒數、全壘跑秒數均與垂直跳達顯著負相關、與30公尺衝刺達顯著正相關；其餘如擊球飛行距離、擊球仰角則與體能素質無顯著相關。結論：研究結果發現大專棒球野手在體能素質中以坐姿藥球前丟的上肢瞬發力、垂直跳的下肢瞬發力、坐姿體前彎的腰背柔軟度、30公尺衝刺的無氧適能與棒球專項技術的擊球速度、球棒速度、與跑壘能力具有相關性，建議在大專棒球野手體能素質檢測項目可進行坐姿藥球前丟、垂直跳、30公尺衝刺、及坐姿體前彎等四大項目；在專項技術檢測可評估擊球速度、球棒速度、及跑壘速度。另可增加實際場域以錄影觀察擊球員的跑壘、攻擊、及守備觀念並了解動作流暢性。

Purpose: The research was to understand the relationship between physical qualities and sports performance of college baseball fielders. Methods: 24 college baseball fielders participated in this study and all took physical test and sports skill test. Physical test included body composition, flexibility, power of upper and lower limbs, anaerobic fitness, and shuttle run. Sports skill test included hitting ability (exit velocity, bat speed, hit distance) and base running speed (home to first base, home to second base, and home run). Kruskal-Wallis One-way Analysis of Variance was used to analyze the differences of physical qualities and sports performance among 3 different defensive positions. Pearson Correlation was used to analyze the relationship between physical qualities and sports performance. Results: There was no significant difference in physical fitness among infielders, outfielders, and catchers (p ＞ .05). As for sports skill test, there was no significant difference (p ＞ .05) except that both infielders and outfielders were faster than catchers in home-to-first base seconds (p＜ .05). Performance of seated medicine ball throw had related with exit velocity and bat speed. Sit and reach test was correlated with the time from home to first base. The time from home to first vase, home to second base, and home run are negatively correlated with vertical jump performance but positively related with 30-meter sprint. Other parameters like hit distance, batting elevation angle were not related with physical qualities. Conclusions: The results of the study found that in the college fielders, power of upper and lower limbs, flexibility of lower back, anaerobic fitness are related to exit velocity, bat speed, and base running speed. Seated medicine ball throw, vertical jump, 30-meter sprint, and sit and reach test are recommended in the physical qualities test. As for the sports skill test, exit velocity, bat speed, and base running speed are recommended being assessed, and recording movement on fields such as base running, attacking, and fielding concepts, could provide information with more details, such as fluency of movement.

1. 王翔,林正常(2006)。青年女子壘球選手無氧動力與跑壘速度之相關。運動生理暨體能學報，4，83-92。
   連結：
2. 李明憲(2002)。基本體能對棒球選手打擊成績之影響。體育學報，33，251-261。
   連結：
3. 周德賢(2009)。棒球直線跑壘訓練處方之編排。大專體育，105，70-76。
   連結：
4. 邱敏舜,鴻宗穎,龔榮堂,湯文慈(2012)。四週上肢肌力訓練對大專甲組棒球員等速肌力與揮棒速度之影響。華人運動生物力學期刊，7，218-221。
   連結：
5. 張曉昀,陳星宇,薛雅馨(2015)。棒球選手擊球之軀幹肌群肌電活化：個案研究。華人運動生物力學期刊，12(1)，8-15。
   連結：
6. 陳書瑋,何献凡,龔榮堂,張思敏,湯文慈(2017)。國中棒球隊員基礎體能與運動專項表現之分析。運動教練科學，48，11-19。
   連結：
7. 陳書瑋,湯文慈,詹智能(2013)。棒球運動科學選材之探討。中華體育季刊，27(2)，167-173。
   連結：
8. Australian Sport Commission(2000).Physiological tests for elite athletes.Human Kinetics.
9. Baseball American (2020). https://www.baseballamerica.com/stories/explaining-the-20-80-baseball-scouting-scale/
10. Coleman, A. E.(2001).Target and recovery times for speed training in baseball.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,23(6),7-8.
11. Dodd, D. J.,Alvar, B. A.(2007).Analysis of acute explosive training modalities to improve lower-body power in baseball players.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,21(4),1177-1182.
12. Eugene Coleman, A.,Amonette, W. E.(2012).Pure acceleration is the primary determinant of speed to first-base in major-league baseball game situations.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,26(6),1455-1460.
13. Hackett, D. A.,Davies, T. B.,Ibel, D.,Cobley, S.,Sanders, R.(2018).Predictive ability of the medicine ball chest throw and vertical jump tests for determining muscular strength and power in adolescents.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,22(1),79-87.
14. High School Baseball Web. (2022). Rating The Physical Tools of a Potential Major League Player. http://www.hsbaseballweb.com › rating_system.
15. Huang, J. H.,Chen, S. H.,Chiu, C. H.(2022).Correlation of pitching velocity with anthropometric measurements for adult male baseball pitchers in tryout settings.PloS One,17(3),e0265525.
16. López-Miñarro, P. A,de Baranda Andújar, P. S.,RodrÑ Guez-GarcÑ a, P. L(2009).A comparison of the sit-and-reach test and the back-saver sit-and-reach test in university students.Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,8(1),116.
17. Loturco, I.,DʼAngelo, R. A.,Fernandes, V.,Gil, S.,Kobal, R.,Cal Abad, C. C.,Kitamura, K.,Nakamura, F. Y.(2015).Relationship between sprint ability and loaded/unloaded jump tests in elite sprinters.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,29(3),758-764.
18. Magrini, M.,Dawes, J. J.,Spaniol, F. J.,Roberts, A.(2018).Speed and agility training for baseball/softball.Strength and Conditioning Journal,40(1),68-74.
19. Miyaguchi, K.,Demura, S.(2012).Relationship between upper-body strength and bat swing speed in high-school baseball players.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,26(7),1786-1791.
20. MLB (2022). Launch Angle (LA). https://www.mlb.com/glossary/statcast/launch-angle.
21. Murphy, P.,Forney, J.(1997).Complete conditioning for baseball.Human Kinetics.
22. Szymanski, D. J.,DeRenne, C.,Spaniol, F. J.(2009).Contributing factors for increased bat swing velocity.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,23(4),1338-1352.
23. Szymanski, D. J.,Fredrick, G. A.(2001).Baseball (part II): A periodized speed program.Strength and Conditioning Journal,23(2),44-52.
24. Szymanski, D. J.,McIntyre, J. S.,Szymanski, J. M.,Bradford, T. J.,Schade, R. L.,Madsen, N. H.,Pascoe, D. D.(2007).Effect of torso rotational strength on angular hip, angular shoulder, and linear bat velocities of high school baseball players.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,21(4),1117-1125.
25. Szymanski, D. J.,McIntyre, J. S.,Szymanski, J. M.,Molloy, J. M.,Madsen, N. H.,Pascoe, D. D.(2006).Effect of wrist and forearm training on linear bat-end, center of percussion, and hand velocities and on time to ball contact of high school baseball players.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,20(1),231-240.
26. Szymanski, D. J.,Szymanski, J. M.,Schade, R. L.,Bradford, T. J.,McIntyre, J. S.,DeRenne, C.,Madsen, N. H.(2010).The relation between anthropometric and physiological variables and bat velocity of high-school baseball players before and after 12 weeks of training.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,24(11),2933-2943.
27. Taniyama, D.,Matsuno, J.,Yoshida, K.,Pyle, B.,Nyland, J.(2021).Rotational Medicine Ball Throw Velocity Relates to NCAA Division III College Baseball Player Bat Swing, Batted Baseball, and Pitching Velocity.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,35(12),3414-3419.
28. Teske, L. G.,Beck, E. C.,Bullock, G. S.,Nicholson, K. F.,Waterman, B. R.(2021).Lower Extremity Biomechanics Predicts Major League Baseball Player Performance.Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine,9(7),23259671211015237.
29. Tsutsui, T.,Maemichi, T.,Torii, S.(2021).Identification of physical characteristics associated with swing velocity of batting in youth baseball players.The Journal of Sp
30. 台灣棒球維基館 (2022 年 1 月)。國訓中心棒球隊選拔標準 。http://twbsball.dils.tku.edu.tw/wiki/index.php/%E5%9C%8B%E8%A8%93%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A#.E9.81.B8.E6.8B.94.E6.A8.99.E6.BA.96
31. 台灣棒球維基館(2021 年 1 月)。世界排名。http://twbsball.dils.tku.edu.tw/wiki/index.php/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D
32. 官大元(2019)。大葉大學。
33. 美國職棒德州遊騎兵隊(2016)。美國職棒德州遊騎兵隊(2016)。TEXAS RANGERS: 2016-2017 Offseason position players program。
34. 張嘉澤(2018).訓練學-3.台灣運動能力診斷學會.
35. 曾慶裕,彭文敏(2001)。棒球跑壘概念解析。大專體育，56，23-26。
36. 楊至剛(2016).復旦大學出版社.復旦大學出版社.
37. 楊清瓏(1997).中國文化大學體育學會.中國文化大學體育學會.
38. 葉志,李明憲,朱峰亮(2003).棒球聖經.商周出版.
39. 衛生福利部國民健康署 (2022) 。https://health99.hpa.gov.tw/onlineQuiz/bmi

1. 詹明昇,陳鋒,陳毅,陳韋翰,陳正博(2023)。棒球比賽獲勝之關鍵打擊技戰術因素探討－以2013至2021黑豹期四強賽為例。運動表現期刊，10(1)，51-61。