解析設計研究法的架構與實施：以科學教育研究為例

Exploring the Framework and Implementation of the Design Research Method in Science Education

許瑛玿(Ying-Shao Hsu)；莊福泰(Fu-Tai Chuang)；林祖強(Tzu-Chiang Lin)

科學教育 ； 教育研究法 ； 設計研究法 ； science education ； educational research ； design research

教育科學研究期刊

57卷1期（2012 / 03 / 01）

1 - 27

繁體中文

近年來，教育研究者著力於發展出可以應用在實務現場的理論，並倡議研究時系統性分析實務現場的研究資料，藉以建立教學設計和教育理論間的關聯，進而改進教學。因應上述的風潮，學者提出了設計研究法，此新興研究法的優點是能針對有理論基礎的設計進行深入研究，透過多次的循環歷程精緻化設計，進而修改原來的理論或發展原形理論。本文詳細介紹設計研究法的四大特性：一、經落實有理論基礎的設計於實務來檢視理論的適用性或提出原形理論；二、詳實紀錄研究歷程與系統中的互動情形；三、具有循環修正的歷程並彰顯修正過程的價值；四、運用系統性分析探討不同層次間的交互作用。再分析30篇發表於SSCI期刊科學教育相關的實徵論文來探索設計研究法的實施步驟，並輔以實例說明如何實施設計研究法。最後，進一步指出設計研究法與其他研究法的異同，以及應用設計研究法於教育研究上所面臨的一些限制，試圖釐清設計研究法的架構和具體的實施步驟，以作為未來檢視創新教學成效的另一種可以考慮採行的研究法。

In recent years, educators have explored the relationships between instructional designs and educational theories by systematically analyzing research data to improve teaching quality. Therefore, the design research method was proposed to enable researchers to modify an original theory or develop a prototype theory by sophisticating the design of cyclic procedures through repeated trials. This study explicates the features of the design research method, such as (1) examining the appropriateness of theories or proposing prototype theories by implementing theory-based designs into practice; (2) maintaining records of the research process and within system interactions; (3) featuring and emphasizing the value of cyclic processes; and (4) systematically analyzing interactions between various levels. Using the 30 collected studies published in SSCI journals, this study explores the steps involved in implementing the design research method. Furthermore, this study also discusses the homogeneity and heterogeneity between the design research and other research methods and the limitations of applying the design research method to research in the educational field. By clarifying the characteristics and implementation procedures of the design research method, the possibility of applying the design research method to educational research for innovative designs is enhanced.

1. 宋曜廷、潘佩妤(2010)。混合研究在教育研究的應用。教育科學研究期刊，55(4)，97-130。
   連結：
2. Bannan-Ritland, B.(2003).The role of design in research: The integrative learning design framework.Educational Researcher,32(1),21-24.
3. Barab, S. A.,Arici, A.,Jackson, C.(2005).Eat your vegetables and do your homework: A design-based investigation of enjoyment and meaning in learning.Educational Technology,65(1),15-21.
4. Barab, S. A.,Hay, K. E.,Barnett, M.,Keating, T.(2000).Virtual solar system project: Building understanding through model building.Journal of Research in Science Teaching,37(7),719-756.
5. Barab, S. A.,Squire, K. D.(2004).Design-based research: Putting our stake in the ground.Journal of the Learning Sciences,13(1),1-14.
6. Barab, S. A.,Zuiker, S.,Warren, S.,Hickey D.,Ingram-Goble, A.,Kwon, E.-J.,Herring, S. C.(2007).Situationally embodied curriculum: Relating formalisms and contexts.Science Education,91(5),750-782.
7. Bell, P.(2004).On the theoretical breadth of design-based research in education.Educational Psychologist,39(4),243-253.
8. Brown, A. L.(1992).Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions.Journal of the Learning Sciences,2(2),141-178.
9. Carver, S.(ed.),Klahr, D.(ed.)(2001).Cognition and instruction: 25 years of progress.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. Cobb, P.,Confrey, J.,diSessa, A.,Lehrer, R.,Schauble, L.(2003).Design experiments in educational research.Educational Researcher,32(1),9-13.
11. Collins, A.,Joseph, D.,Bielaczyc, K.(2004).Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues.Journal of the Learning Sciences,13(1),15-42.
12. Dede, C.(2004).If design-based research is the answer, what is the question?.Journal of the Learning Sciences,13(1),105-114.
13. Dede, C.(2005).Why design-based research is both important and difficult.Educational Technology,45(1),5-8.
14. Design-Based Research Collective(2003).Design-based research: An emerging paradigm for educational inquiry.Educational Researcher,32(1),5-8.
15. diSessa, A. A.,Cobb, P.(2004).Ontological innovation and the role of theory in design experiments.Journal of the Learning Sciences,13(1),77-103.
16. Dunleavy, M.,Dede, C.,Mitchell, R.(2009).Affordances and limitations of immersive participatory augmented reality simulations for teaching and learning.Journal of Science Education and Technology,18(1),7-22.
17. Edelson, D. C.(2002).Design research: What we learn when we engage in design.Journal of the Learning Sciences,11(1),105-121.
18. Glaser, R.(ed.)(1996).Innovations in learning: New environments for education.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
19. Hay, K. E.,Barab, S. A.(1999).Computational science inquiry cycle (CSIC): Students "doing" new science enabled by virtual reality.annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association,Montreal, Canada:
20. Hmelo, C. E.,Holton, D. L.,Kolodner, J. L.(2000).Designing to learn about complex systems.Journal of the Learning Sciences,9(3),247-298.
21. Hoadley, C. M.(2004).Methodological alignment in design-based research.Educational Psychologist,39(4),203-212.
22. Hoadley, C. M.(2005).Design-based research methods and theory building: A case study of research with SpeakEasy.Educational Technology,45(1),42-46.
23. Kelly, A. E.(2004).Design research in education: Yes, but is it methodological?.Journal of the Learning Sciences,13(1),115-128.
24. Linn, M. C.(ed.),Davis, E. A.(ed.),Bell, P.(ed.)(2004).Internet environments for science education.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
25. Linn, M. C.,Hsi, S.(2000).Computers, teachers, peers: Science learning partners.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
26. O''Donnell, A. M.(2004).A commentary on design research.Educational Psychologist,39(4),255-260.
27. Sandoval, W. A.,Bell, P.(2004).Design-based research methods for studying learning in context: Introduction.Educational Psychologist,39(4),199-201.
28. Tiberghien, A.,Vince, J.,Gaidioz, P.(2009).Design-based research: Case of a teaching sequence on mechanics.International Journal of Science Education,31(17),2275-2314.
29. Wang, F.,Hannafin, M. J.(2005).Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments.Educational Technology Research and Development,53(4),5-23.
30. Wang, S.-K.,Reeves, T. C.(2007).The effects of a web-based learning environment on student motivation in a high school earth science course.Educational Technology Research and Development,55,169-192.
31. Zhang, J.,Scardamalia, M.,Reeve, R.,Messina, R.(2009).Designs for collective cognitive responsibility in knowledge-building communities.Journal of the Learning Sciences,18(1),7-44.
32. 翁穎哲、譚克平(2008)。設計研究法簡介及其在教育研究的應用範例。科學教育月刊，307，15-30。
33. 高熏芳、江玟均(2007)。教育科技領域發展中的研究法―設計本位研究（Design-Based Research, DBR）之評析。教學科技與媒體，80，4-15。

1. 莊雅涵(2016)。以認知策略為核心之遊戲設計與成效探究。淡江大學教育科技學系碩士班學位論文。2016。1-102。 
2. 劉文達(2016)。翻轉教學導入企業新人訓練模式建構之研究。淡江大學教育科技學系碩士在職專班學位論文。2016。1-107。