ETHICS, NEUTRALIZATION, AND DIGITAL PIRACY

10.7903/ijecs.1436

Mathupayas Thongmak

Digital Piracy ； Neutralization ； Ethics ； Morals

International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies

8卷1期（2017 / 06 / 01）

1 - 24

英文

Digital piracy happens every day. Piracy negatively impacts the growth of digital product industries. Morals, ethics and neutralization are hypothesized to affect digital piracy. Pirating digital products at various levels of seriousness and product types is interesting in terms of behaviour and for business interests. Our research objectives were to study consumer behaviours towards digital piracy, to compare effects of neutralization and ethics on digital piracy, and to explore differences in neutralization, ethics, and digital piracy between genders, and heavy and light downloaders. Our findings suggested that personal morals decrease digital piracy mainly in the first phase, whereas neutralization is used by individuals to support their behaviour throughout other phases.

1. M.O. Education. Percentage of students/ undergraduate students classified by age. Retrieved on July 9, 2013, from http://www.moe.go.th/strategy4/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=143:-m-m-s&catid=97:1&Itemid=90
2. Oxford Dictionaries, Definition of ethics in English. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013.
3. J. Fernquest, Thailand remains on 'dirty dozen' list. Retrieved on May 1, 2013, from http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/learning-fromnews/348091/thailand-still-stuck-on-us-piracy-list
4. J. Liang and I. Phau, Study on digital piracy of movies in Western Australia: Marketing insights. School of Marketing Working Paper Series: no. 2010005, Curtin University of Technology, School of Marketing, 2010.
5. RIAA, Who music theft hurts. Retrieved on July 9, 2013, from http://www.riaa.com/physicalpiracy.php?content_selector=piracy_details_online
6. RIAA, Scope of the problem. Retrieved on July 9, 2013, from http://www.riaa.com/physicalpiracy.php?content_selector=piracy-online-scope-of-the-problem
7. Balogh, I.,Ørbaek, P.,Winkel, J.,Nordander, C.,Ohlsson, K.,Ektor-Andersen, J.(2001).Questionnaire-based mechanical exposure indices for large population studies-reliability, internal consistency and predictive validity.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health,27(1),41-48.
8. Barlow, J.B.,Warkentin, M.,Ormond, D.,Dennis, A.R.(2013).Don't make excuses! Discouraging neutralization to reduce IT policy violation.Computers & Security,39(B),145-159.
9. Cockrill, A.,Goode, M.M.(2012).DVD pirating intentions: Angels, devils, chancers and receivers.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,11(1),1-10.
10. Creswell, J.W.(2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.United States of America:Sage publications.
11. de Vaus, D.A.,de Vaus, D.(2001).Research design in social research.London, UK:Sage.
12. Dilmperi, A.,King, T.,Dennis, C.(2011).Pirates of the web: The curse of illegal downloading.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,18(2),132-140.
13. Funkhouser, N.(2006).National Cheng Kung University.
14. Garbharran, A.,Thatcher, A.(2009).A case for using a social cognitive model to explain intention to pirate software.Journal of eHealth Technology and Application,7(2),87-98.
15. Goode, S.(2012).Initial findings of a gap analysis of the digital piracy literature: Six undiscovered countries.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,6(4),238-259.
16. Gunter, W.D.,Higgins, G.E.,Gealt, R.E.(2010).Pirating youth: Examining the correlates of digital music piracy among adolescents.International Journal of Cyber Criminology,4(1/2),657-671.
17. Halttunen, V.M.,Markus, M.,Frank, L.(2010).Indifferent behaviour of young digital content consumers - An interview study.Information Assurance and Security Letters,1,66-71.
18. Hansen, J.,Walden, E.(2013).The role of restrictiveness of use in determining ethical and legal awareness of unauthorized file sharing.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,14(9),521-549.
19. Harris, L.C.,Dumas, A.(2009).Online consumer misbehaviour: An application of neutralization theory.Marketing Theory,9(4),379-402.
20. Hinduja, S.,Ingram, J.R.(2008).Self-control and ethical beliefs on the social learning of intellectual property theft.Western Criminology Review,9(2),52-72.
21. Jacobs, R.S.,Heuvelman, A.,Tan, M.,Peters, O.(2012).Digital movie piracy: A perspective on downloading behavior through social cognitive theory.Computers in human behavior,28(3),958-967.
22. Kampmann, M.W.(2010).University of Twente.
23. Kariithi, N.K.(2011).Is the devil in the data? A literature review of piracy around the world.The Journal of World Intellectual Property,14(2),133-154.
24. Kini, R.B.,Ramakrishna, H.V.,Vijayaraman, B.S.(2004).Shaping of moral intensity regarding software piracy: A comparison between Thailand and US students.Journal of Business Ethics,49(1),91-104.
25. Koklic, M.K.,Kukar-Kinney, M.,Vida, I.(2012).Determinants and outcomes of consumer digital piracy behavior: Cross-cultural validation.AMA Winter Educators' Conference 2012: Marketing Theory and Applications,St. Petersburg, Florida, USA:
26. Kos Koklic, M.,Vida, I.,Bajde, D.,Culiberg, B.(2014).The study of perceived adverse effects of digital piracy and involvement: Insights from adult computer users.Behaviour & Information Technology,33(3),225-236.
27. Kwan, S.S.,Tam, K.Y.(2010).An affective model for unauthorized sharing of software.Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems,Taipei, Taiwan:
28. LaRose, R.,Lai, Y.J.,Lange, R.,Love, B.,Wu, Y.(2005).Sharing or piracy? An exploration of downloading behavior.Journal of Computer -Mediated Communication,11(1),1-21.
29. Leonard, L.N.,Cronan, T.P.,Kreie, J.(2004).What influences IT ethical behavior intentions-planned behavior, reasoned action, perceived importance, or individual characteristics?.Information & Management,42(1),143-158.
30. Li, W.,Cheng, L.(2013).Effects of neutralization techniques and rational choice theory on internet abuse in the workplace.Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems,Jeju Island, Korea:
31. Liang, J.,Phau, I.(2012).Illegal games downloaders vs illegal movies downloaders??!! Both are still criminal!!.Global Marketing Conference,Seoul, Republic of Korea:
32. Liang, J.,Phau, I.(2012).Comparison perspectives between non-downloaders and downloaders in digital piracy phenomena.Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference,Adelaide, South Australia:
33. Lysonski, S.,Durvasula, S.(2008).Digital piracy of MP3s: consumer and ethical predispositions.Journal of Consumer Marketing,25(3),167-178.
34. Mason, R.O.(1986).Four ethical issues of the information age.MIS Quarterly,10(1),5-12.
35. Moore, R.,McMullan, E.C.(2009).Neutralizations and rationalizations of digital piracy: A qualitative analysis of university students.International Journal of Cyber Criminology,3(1),441-451.
36. Moores, T.T.,Chang, J. C.-J.(2006).Ethical decision making in software piracy: Initial development and test of a four-component model.MIS Quarterly,30(1),167-180.
37. Moores, T.T.,Dhaliwal, J.(2004).A reversed context analysis of software piracy issues in Singapore.Information & Management,41(8),1037-1042.
38. Moores, T.T.,Esichaikul, V.(2011).Socialization and software piracy: A study.Journal of Computer Information Systems,51(1),1-9.
39. Morris, R.G.,Higgins, G.E.(2009).Neutralizing potential and self-reported digital piracy: A multi-theoretical exploration among college undergraduates.Criminal Justice Review,34(2),173-195.
40. Musa, P.F.,Key, S.(2006).Exploring the incongruence in theoretical beliefs and pracatical motivations for making unauthorized software copies.Review of Business Information Systems,10(3),29-34.
41. Peitz, M.,Waelbroeck, P.(2004).The effect of internet piracy on CD sales: Cross-section evidence.Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues,1(2),71-79.
42. Phau, I.,Liang, J.(2012).Downloading digital video games: Predictors, moderators and consequences.Marketing Intelligence & Planning,30(7),740-756.
43. Phau, I.,Teah, M.,Lwin, M.(2009).Are you a peer to peer pirate?" Attitudes towards downloading movies and TV series through P2P networks.Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference,Melbourne, Australia:
44. Setiawan, B.,Tjiptono, F.(2013).Determinants of consumer intention to pirate digital products.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3),48-55.
45. Shoham, A.,Ruvio, A.,Davidow, M.(2008).(Un)ethical consumer behavior: Robin Hoods or plain hoods?.Journal of Consumer Marketing,25(4),200-210.
46. Siponen, M.,Vance, A.,Willison, R.(2012).New insights into the problem of software piracy: The effects of neutralization, shame, and moral beliefs.Information & Management,49(7-8),334-341.
47. Smallridge, J.L.(2012).Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
48. Smith, M.D.,Telang, R.(2009).Competing with free: The impact of movie broadcasts on DVD sales and internet piracy 1.MIS Quarterly,33(2),321-338.
49. So, S.-f.(2004).The University of Hong Kong.
50. Su, H.-J.,Lu, L.-C.,Lin, T.A.(2011).The mediating role of anticipated guilt in consumers' textbook piracy intention.Asia Pacific Management Review,16(3),255-275.
51. Sykes, G.M.,Matza, D.(1957).Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency.American sociological review,22(6),664-670.
52. Ulsperger, J.S.,Hodges, S.H.,Paul, J.(2010).Pirates on the plank: Neutralization theory and the criminal downloading of music among generation Y in the era of late modernity.Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture,17(1),124-151.
53. Veitch, R.W.,Constantiou, I.(2011).Digital product acquisition in the context of piracy: A proposed model and preliminary findings.Paper 24 of Electronic Commerce Studies presented at the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems,Brisbane, Queensland, Australia:
54. Wang, X.,McClung, S.R.(2011).Toward a detailed understanding of illegal digital downloading intentions: An extended theory of planned behavior approach.New Media & Society,13(4),663-677.
55. Wentzell, A.(2009).University of the Witwatersrand.
56. Williams, P.,Nicholas, D.,Rowlands, I.(2010).The attitudes and behaviours of illegal downloaders.Aslib Proceedings,62(3),283-301.
57. Wolfe, S.E.,Higgins, G.E.,Marcum, C.D.(2008).Deterrence and digital piracy a preliminary examination of the role of viruses.Social Science Computer Review,26(3),317-333.
58. Yoon, C.(2012).Digital piracy intention: A comparison of theoretical models.Behaviour & Information Technology,31(6),565-576.
59. Yoon, C.(2011).Theory of planned behavior and ethics theory in digital piracy: An integrated model.Journal of Business Ethics,100(3),405-417.
60. Yu, S.(2012).College students' justification for digital piracy: A mixed methods study.Journal of Mixed Methods Research,6(4),364-378.
61. Yu, S.(2013).Digital piracy Justification: Asian students versus American students.International Criminal Justice Review,23(2),185-196.