Darwin演化論之後的人觀

The Concept of Human Nature after Darwin

10.6424/JLE.200912.0025

王榮麟(Rong-Lin Wang)

人性 ； Darwin ； 演化論 ； human nature ； Darwin ； evolutionary theory

生命教育研究

1卷2期（2009 / 12 / 01）

25 - 45

繁體中文

人觀問題之探討是重要的，不僅由於它能提供人學領域上的理論知識，也由於它對我們在人生中應該做什麼有深遠的蘊涵。然而，Hume之「實然」無法導出「應然」的主張似乎瓦解了上述的蘊涵。在本文中，我論證Hume之主張的理據未必真有那麼堅實。之後，我分析Darwin的演化論如何挑戰傳統的人觀。我也會指出Darwinism所論述的人觀。我的結論是，Darwinism有助於我們進一步理解若干熱烈爭論的倫理議題。

It is held that an inquiry into human nature is important, not only because it can provide us with a theoretical knowledge of what man is, but also because it has far-reaching implications for what we ought to do in our lives. However, Hume's thesis that from ”is” cannot be derived ”ought” seems to undermine such implications. In this paper, I argue that Hume's thesis is not as well-founded as one might think it is. Then I analyze how Darwin's evolutionary theory challenges the traditional conception of human beings. Finally, a portrait of man will be made in the light of Darwinism, before I conclude that Darwinism helps to shed light on some hotly debated ethical issues.

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