台灣地區機踏車事故致死解剖案例之分析

Analysis of Fatal Motorcycle Accidents from Forensic Autopsy in Taiwan

10.6134/tjfm.2011.0302.06

盧韋岑(Wei-Tsen Lu)；潘至信(Chih-Hsin Pan)；孫家棟(Chia-Tung Shun)

台灣地區 ； 機踏車事故 ； 司法解剖 ； Taiwan ； Motorcycle accidents ； Forensic autopsy

台灣法醫學誌

3卷2期（2011 / 12 / 01）

21 - 31

繁體中文

機踏車為台灣地區最普遍的機動車種，機踏車事故亦佔機動車交通事故之大宗。而機踏車事故中，對於鑑別何者為騎士或乘客，在刑事或民事責任的判定影響甚鉅。本研究利用2005至2006年台灣地區機踏車事故致死經完整司法解剖之253位案例，進行損傷型態之分析。個案年齡分布自6歲至86歲，平均年齡為45.50±18.87歲。其中騎士235位，乘客16位，2位狀況不明。有配戴安全帽者佔64.82%，未配戴安全帽者佔9.49%，無法確定者佔25.69%。所有個案之損傷型態以頭臉部損傷與胸部損傷最為常見；其中騎士的脊柱損傷、血管損傷及肢體骨折比例高於乘客，且有較高比例的胸腹部器官損傷及輾壓損傷。配戴安全帽的有無對於造成頭臉部損傷的機率並無不同，卻會影響頸椎損傷的機率。本研究發現，騎士可能受到撞擊或輾壓的損傷比例高於乘客，配戴安全帽可減少顱內出血及顱骨骨折之風險，其中全罩式安全帽更是對頸部區域有其保護性。經由本研究，期望可以協助司法偵查與判決中對於機踏車事故事實之釐清，並對事故之減少及預防有所助益。

Motorcycles are the most common motor vehicles in Taiwan, and their incidents are also the most popular in the motor vehicle accidents. To identify the driver in motorcycle accidents is very important to the influence on civil and criminal liabilities. This study analyzed 253 fatal motorcycle accident cases who received complete forensic autopsies from January 2005 to December 2006 in Taiwan, ages ranged from 6 to 86 years old (mean age was 45.50 ± 18.87 years old). 253 cases included 235 drivers, 16 passengers, and two unknown. Among all cases, 64.82% were wearing helmets, 9.49% were not wearing helmets, and 25.69% could not be traced. Head/face and thoracic injuries were the most frequently in all cases. Spinal injuries, vascular injuries and limb fractures were more common in drivers, and there was also a higher proportion of thoracic and abdominal organ damage and crush injury in drivers. The statistic data revealed that helmet use or not did not increase the risk of head/face injuries, but it did affect the risk of cervical spinal injuries. This study showed that the drivers might sustained more injuries from impact or run-over than passengers, and helmet use could reduce the risk of intracranial hemorrhage and skull fracture, since full-face helmets could provide more protection in neck area. This study may help death investigations and judicial decisions to clarify the facts of motorcycle incidents, and reduction or even prevention of motorcycle incidents.

1. Ankarath, S,Giannoudis, PV,Barlow, I,Bellamy, MC,Matthews, SJ,Smith, RM(2002).Injury patterns associated with mortality following motorcycle crashes.Injury,33(6),473-7.
2. Fitzharris, M,Dandona, R,Kumar, GA,Dandona, L(2009).Crash characteristics and patterns of injury among hospitalized motorised two-wheeled vehicle users in urban India.BMC Public Health,9,11-22.
3. Ihama, Y,Fuke, C,Miyazaki, T(2007).A two-rider motorcycle accident involving injuries around groin area in both the driver and the passenger.Leg Med,9(5),274-7.
4. Keng, SH(2005).Helmet use and motorcycle fatalities in Taiwan.Accid Ana Prev,37(2),349-55.
5. Shiono, H,Akane, A,Matsubara, K,Tanabe, K,Takahashi, S(1990).Identification of the driver in tworider motorcycle accidents. Inguinal contusionlaceration as an indication of the driver.Am J of Forensic Med Pathol,11(3),190-2.
6. Tham, KY,Seow, E,Lau, GKK(2004).Pattern of injuries in helmeted motorcyclists in Singapore.Emerg Med J,21(4),478-82.
7. Tsai, YJ,Wang, JD,Huang, WF(1995).Case-control study of the effectiveness of different types of helmets for the prevention of head injuries among motorcycle riders in Taipei, Taiwan.Am J Epidemiol,142(9),974-81.
8. Zhao, H,Chen, R,Deng, G(2011).Comparison of injuries sustained by drivers and pillion passengers in fatal head-on motorcycle collision accidents.Forensic Sci Int,207(1-3),188-92.