| 题名 |
以NGS技術研判人類外觀應用之研究 |
| 并列篇名 |
The Study of Using NGS to Predict Phenotypic Traits |
| DOI |
10.6134/tjfm.201912_11(1_2).0002 |
| 作者 |
張嫚真(Man-Chen Chang)；賴詠淳(Yung-Chun Lai)；周錦洪(Ching-Hung Chou)；徐竹君(Chu-Chun Hsu)；黃嘉宏(Chia-Hung Huang)；彭冠澄(Guan-Cheng Peng)；林俊彥(Chun-Yen Lin) |
| 关键词 |
NGS ； 單核苷酸變異 ； 生物地理祖源 ； 無名屍 ； 人別鑑定 ； Next Generation Sequencing ； Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ； Biogeographical Ancestry ； Unidentified Body ； Human Individual Identification |
| 期刊名称 |
台灣法醫學誌 |
| 卷期/出版年月 |
11卷1&2期（2019 / 12 / 01） |
| 页次 |
3 - 11 |
| 内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
| 中文摘要 |
傳統人別鑑定大多使用STR、Y-STR或粒線體DNA等非密碼區基因位，這些DNA訊息對於人別鑑定或親緣關係鑑定非常有幫助，然而這些都是屬於「被動」資料，必須等待偵查人員採集可疑嫌犯檢體或找到當事人家屬，送至實驗室鑑定後，才能鑑定真正身分。目前，國際上許多廠商利用NGS技術檢測大量人類外觀表現型基因訊息，例如：生物地理祖源、頭髮顏色、眼睛顏色等，並已開發成商用試劑，提供鑑識科學家或司法鑑定單位參考使用。本研究本次使用其中一種商用試劑，檢測樣本共44件，檢出東亞洲人21件、歐洲人16件、非洲人2件及混血美洲人5件。於國際能力試驗檢體13件中，檢出歐洲人12件，混血美洲人1件。一般商用試劑控制檢體3件，檢出歐洲人2件，檢出東亞洲人1件。標準檢體5件均檢出東亞洲人。此外，實務案例提供明確國籍者23件，檢出明確國籍者21件，其外觀特徵性狀與一般人對該國籍認知相符，但有明確國籍者2件，其外觀特徵性狀與一般人對該國籍認知並不相符，可能是早期移民、變更國籍或是多重國籍原因所致。本所近年來積極引進最新技術，希望藉由DNA鑑定技術建構無名屍可能外觀特徵及人種族群資訊，提供偵查單位參考，從「被動」模式逐漸轉換成「主動」模式。本所認為DNA訊息不應是冷冰冰的數據，躺在資料庫中沉睡；相反地，DNA應該是有活力且有溫度的資料，能「主動」出擊，希望未來藉由DNA數據建構出無名屍可能的外觀特徵及面貌，提供給尋親家屬指認，藉此減少家屬尋找家人的時間及痛楚，替無名屍找到回家的路。 |
| 英文摘要 |
Most of forensic units use the non-coding regions for traditional human identification, such as STR, Y-STR or mitochondrial DNA. These DNA messages are very helpful for human identification or relationship testing, however these are all ＂passive＂ data. Investigators must collect the samples of suspect or family member, and send them to laboratory for making sure the real identity of samples. Nowadays, many companies around the world have used NGS technology to detect a large number of human appearance phenotype genes such as biogeographical ancestry, hair color, eye color, etc. These genes have been developed commercial kits, and provided the references for forensic scientists or law enforcements. In this study, a total number of 44 samples were tested by one of selected manufacturers' kits. After the inspection, there were 21 East Asians, 16 Europeans, 2 Africans, and 5 Ad mixed Americans. Among 13 international proficiency test specimens, there were 12 Europeans and 1 Ad mixed American. Among 3 commercial control samples, there were 2 Europeans and 1 East Asian. The 5 standard specimens were all detected as East Asians. In addition, within 27 practical cases with clear nationality, there were 25 persons' appearance characteristics are consistent with the general knowledge of the nationality, when 2 persons are not. The possible reasons may be due to early immigration or multiple nationality. In recent years, we have been actively introducing the latest technology. In order to evolve from ＂passive＂ mode into ＂active＂ stage, we hope that DNA technology can use to construct the possible appearance characteristics of unidentified bodies and information of ethnic groups, and provided as references for criminal investigation units. We believe that DNA information should not be cold data lying in the database; on the contrary, it should be a dynamic, warm, and ＂active＂ data. These unidentified bodies maybe can, in the future, be offered to the family member for confirmation by building their appearances and face from DNA data. It will greatly reduce the waiting time required for family members and help to find the unidentified bodies a way home. |
| 主题分类 |
醫藥衛生 >
基礎醫學 社會科學 > 法律學 |
| 参考文献 |
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