On Han Language V-Q-V Form

論漢語ê「動詞－疑問詞－動詞」形式

10.6621/JTV.2016.0802.03

黃瑞恆(Rui-heng Ray HUANG)

question particle ； resultative V-V ； variation ； Taiwanese ； 疑問詞 ； 結果複合動詞 ； 變異 ； 台語

台語研究

8卷2期（2016 / 09 / 01）

90 - 126

英文

This paper investigates a special Han question form in which a non-final yesno question particle is inserted into a resultative V-V sequence. It is found that the acceptability of the V-Q-V form varies from one speaker to another of the same variety, and from one variety to another. To account for these variations, this paper proposes that in certain Han varieties such as Taiwanese, the Q-particle may be merged in CP and vP. The derivation of the V-Q-V form involves the Q-particle merged in vP. However, this lower projection of Q is not available in the mental grammars of all Han speakers or varieties, thus giving rise to variations.

這篇論文探討一種特殊ê漢語疑問形式，這个形式是ka句中是非疑問詞放入去結果複合動詞內底。阮ê研究發現，這个「動詞－疑問詞－動詞」形式ê接受程度，佇仝一ê漢語系語言內底隨人無仝，而且佇無仝款ê漢語系語言內底也有差別。為著欲解釋遮ê變異現象，這篇論文提議，佇特定ê漢語系語言內底，親像是台語，是非疑問詞會當佇標句詞組抑是輕動詞組ê範圍內底產生，而且「動詞－疑問詞－動詞」形式ê衍生過程，牽涉著輕動詞組範圍內底ê是非疑問詞。猶毋過，投射佇輕動詞組範圍內底ê是非疑問詞，並無佇所有漢語方言使用者ê語法內底出現，因此才會出現「動詞－疑問詞－動詞」形式接受程度無仝款ê現象。

1. Chen, Chun-yin Doris,Shen, Shih-chung Henry(1998).A minimalist approach to the kam construction in Taiwanese.Journal of National Taiwan Normal University: Humanity and Social Science,43(1),15-26.
   連結：
2. Lau, Seng-hian(2010).The Taiwanese kam and the cleft construction.Journal of Taiwanese Vernacular,2(2),104-141.
   連結：
3. Lü, Shu-Xiang. 1942. Zhongguo Wenfa Yaolue [An Outline of Chinese Grammar]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
4. Black, James R.(ed.),Motapanyane, Virginia(ed.)(1996).Microparametric Syntax and Dialect Variation.Amsterdam:Jon Benjamins.
5. Cheng, Robert L.(1977).Taiwan question particles.Journal of Chinese Linguistics,5,153-185.
6. Cheng, Robert L.(1997).Taiyu/Huayu de Jiegou ji Dongxiang: Tai/Huayu de Shikong, Yiwen yu Fouding.Taipei:Yuan-Liou Publishing Co..
7. Cheng, Robert L.(1985).A comparison of Taiwanese, Taiwan Mandarin, and Peking Mandarin.Language,61,352-377.
8. Chomsky, Noam(1995).The Minimalist Program.Cambridge:MIT Press.
9. Chomsky, Noam(2008).On phases.Foundational Issues in Linguistic Theory: Essays in Honor of Jean-Roger Vergnaud,Cambridge:
10. Chomsky, Noam,Lasnik, Howard(1977).Filters and control.Linguistic Inquiry,8,425-504.
11. Collins, Chris(2007).Home sweet home.NYU Working Papers in Linguistics,1,1-34.
12. Collins, Chris(2005).A smuggling approach to raising in English.Linguistic Inquiry,36,289-298.
13. Collins, Chris(2005).A smuggling approach to the passive in English.Syntax,8,81-120.
14. Crosland, Jeff(1998).Yes-no question patterns in Southern Min: Variation across some dialects in Fujian.Journal of East Asian Linguistics,7(4),257-285.
15. Dowty, David R.(1979).Word Meaning and Montague Grammar: The Semantics of Verbs and Times in Generative Semantics and in Montague's PTQ.Dordrecht:D. Reidel Publishing Company.
16. Haegeman, Liliane(ed.)(1997).Elements of Grammar: Handbook in Generative Syntax.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
17. Hale, Kenneth,Keyser, Samuel Jay(1993).On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relations.The View from Building 20: Essays in Linguistics in Honor of Sylvain Bromberger,Cambridge:
18. Hsieh, Miao-Ling(2001).Los Angeles,University of Southern California.
19. Huang, C.-T. James(2006).Resultatives and unaccusatives: A parametric view.Bulletin of the Chinese Linguistic Society of Japan,253,1-43.
20. Huang, C.-T. James(1991).Modularity and Chinese A-not-A questions.Interdisciplinary Approaches to Language: Essays in Honor of S.-Y. Kuroda,Dordrecht:
21. Huang, C.-T. James(1982).Cambridge: MIT dissertation,MIT.
22. Huang, C.-T. James(1986).Hanyu zhengfan wenju de mozu yufa.Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sinology,Taipei:
23. Huang, C.-T. James(1997).On lexical structure and syntactic projection.Chinese Languages and Linguistics,3,45-89.
24. Huang, C.-T. James(1988).Wo pao de kuai and Chinese phrase structure.Language,64,274-311.
25. Huang, C.-T. James(2007).Hanyu dongci de tiyuan jiegou yu qi jufa biaoxian.Yuyan Kexue,6,3-21.
26. Huang, Chu-Ren(1988).Towards a morphosyntactic account of Taiwanese question particle kam.Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica,59,425-447.
27. Kitagawa, Yoshihisa(1986).Amherst,University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
28. Koopman, Hilda,Sportiche, Dominique(1991).The position of subjects.Lingua,85,211-258.
29. Kuroda, S.-Y.(1988).Whether we agree or not: A comparative syntax of English and Japanese.Papers from the Second International Workshop on Japanese Syntax,Stanford:
30. Larson, Richard(1988).On the double object construction.Linguistic Inquiry,19,335-391.
31. Lau, Seng-hian(2010).Taipei,National Taiwan Normal University.
32. Lee, Hui-chi(2005).Hsinchu,National Tsing Hua University.
33. Lee, Hui-chi(2008).Obligatory object shift in Taiwan Southern Min.NCKU FLLD Monograph Series 1: Languages across Cultures,Tainan:
34. Li, Boya(2006).Leiden,Leiden University.
35. Li, Yafei(1995).The thematic hierarchy and causativity.Natural Language and Linguistic Theory,13,255-282.
36. Li, Yafei(1999).Cross-componential causativity.Natural Language and Linguistic Theory,17,445-497.
37. Li, Yafei(2005).X0: A Theory of the Morphology-Syntax Interface.Cambridge:MIT Press.
38. Li, Yafei(1990).On V-V compounds in Chinese.Natural Language and Linguistic Theory,8,177-207.
39. Lien, Chinfa(2011).Minnanyu KAM de tansuo: Jianlun gongneng fanchou de jiecengxing.Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics,4,271-283.
40. McCawley, James D.(1968).Lexical insertion in a transformational grammar without deep structure.CLS,4,71-80.
41. Rizzi, Luigi(2004).Locality and left periphery.Structures and Beyond,New York:
42. Shen, Shih-chung Henry(1997).Taipei,National Taiwan Normal University.
43. Speas, Margaret(1986).Cambridge,MIT.
44. Sybesma, Rint(1999).The Mandarin VP.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
45. Sybesma, Rint(1992).Leiden,Leiden University.
46. Tang, C.-C. Jane(1990).New York,Cornell University.
47. Tang, Sze-Wing(1998).Irvine,University of California, Irvine.
48. Tang, Ting-chi(1998).Minnanyu de shifei wenju yu zhengfan wenju.Hanxue Yanjiu,16(2),173-195.
49. Tasi, Wei-Tien Dylan(1999).On lexical courtesy.Journal of East Asian Linguistics,8,39-73.
50. Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan(1994).Cambridge,MIT.
51. Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan(2010).Tan Hanyu motaici de fenbu yu quanshi zhi duiying guanxi.Zhongguo Yuwen,336,208-221.
52. Wang, Chyan-an Arthur(2010).New York,New York University.
53. Wible, David(1990).Urbana-Champaign,University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
54. Woolford, Ellen(1991).VP-internal subjects in VSO and nonconfigurational languages.Linguistic Inquiry,22,503-540.
55. Yue, Anne O.(1988).Hanyu fangyan yufa de bijiao yanjiu.Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology,59,23-41.
56. Yue, Anne O.(2006).Syntactic typology in Chinese (part I): The neutral question forms-V-not-V.Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics,1,201-253.
57. Zhu, Dexi(1985).Hanyu fangyan-li de liang-zhong fanfu wenju.Zhongguo Yuwen,1,10-20.
58. Zhu, Dexi(1991).V-neg-VO yu VO-neg-V liang-zhong fanfu wenju zai hanyu fangyan-li de fenbu.Zhongguo Yuwen,5,321-332.