一維數值模式對隘口土砂調節功能之評估

The Evaluation of River Notch Sediment Regulating Capacity by 1D Numerical Model

林家興(Chia-Hsing Lin)；林士勛(Shih-Hsun Lin)；劉政儒(Cheng-Ju Liu)；謝正倫(Chjeng-Lun Shieh)

隘口 ； 土砂調節功能 ； 一維水理模式 ； River Notch ； Sediment Regulating Capacity ； One-dimension Hydrodynamic Model

中華防災學刊

9卷1期（2017 / 02 / 01）

31 - 40

繁體中文

本文以數值模式對河道天然隘口土砂調節功能評估進行改善。藉以瞭解河道隘口在上游大規模土砂流出事件發生時之土砂調節能力評估。為改善河道地形寬度突縮模擬準確度，修正動量方程並導入河道寬度突縮時所產生的水壓力變化項。再進行數值實驗測試模式穩定性及守恆性以探討模式之穩定性及準確度。最後再以渠道實驗作為數值模式之驗證，探討定床水流縱剖面變化及動床土砂堆積縱剖面變化。最後數值模擬以隘口之束縮比、囚砂率及排砂折減率進行分析，其結果顯示出本數值模式對河道隘口寬度突縮地形影響下之水理變化及土砂堆積特性，可提供良好之模擬結果。

The study applied one dimensional numerical model to evaluate the variation of hydraulic and sediment regulating capacity when large scale sediment event occurred. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical model for simulation sediment regulating capacity in river notch, the numerical model modified the pressure force term of momentum equation respond to the river width variation. The numerical model was tested the stability, water and sediment volume conservation analysis to demonstrate the stability and precision of numerical model. Laboratory investigation was carried out to validate the hydraulics and sediment deposition variation. The simulation results were comparable to laboratory experiments. The numerical simulation considered contraction ratio, contraction length, contraction inlet angle, and upstream sediment supply rate to understand sediment regulating capacity. The result of numerical tests showed that numerical model has the ability to simulate the hydraulics and sediment deposition dynamic response of river width variation affected by river notch.

1. Armanini, A.,Dalri, C.,Larcher, M.(2006).Slit-check dams for controlling debris flow and mudflow.Proceeding of 11th Congress INTERPRAEVENT 2006,Niigata:
2. Armanini, A.,Larcher, M.(2001).Rational criterion for designing opening of slit-check dam.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-Asce,127(2),94-104.
3. Bellal, M.,Spinewine, B.,Savary, C.,Zech, Y.(2003).Morphological evolution of steep-sloped river beds in the presence of a hydraulic jump: Experimental study.Proceedings of the 30th IAHR Congress,Thessaloniki, Greece:
4. Catella, M.,Paris, E.,Solari, L.(2005).Case study: Efficiency of slit-check dams in the mountain region of Versilia Basin.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-Asce,131(3),145-152.
5. Chow, V. T.(1973).Open channel.McGraw-Hill Book Company.
6. Cunge, J. A.,Holly, F. M.,Verwey, A.(1980).Practical aspects of computational river hydraulics.London:Pitman Advanced Publishing Program.
7. Gary, W. B.(2010).Gary, W. B. (2010). HEC-RAS, River Analysis System Hydraulic Reference Manual, US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center: 411..
8. Henderson, F. M.(1966).Open channel flow.New York:Macmillan.
9. Iwagaki, Y.(1956).(I) Hydrodynamical Study on Critical Tractive Force.Transactions of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1956(41),1-21.
10. Shieh, C. L.,Wang, C. M.,Chen, Y. S.,Tsai, Y. J.,Tseng, W. H.(2010).An Overview of Disasters Resulted from Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan.Journal of Disaster Research,5(3),236-244.
11. Shieh, C. L.,Wang, C. M.,Lai, W. C.,Tseng, Y. C.,Lee, S. P.(2009).The composite hazard resulted from Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan.Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering,62(4),61-65.
12. Suzuki, K.,Michiue, M.(1991).Propagation and Dfformation of a Mount Formed on River Bed and Sorting of Bed Surface Sand Mixture.Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu,1991(434),11-18.
13. Wu, B. S.,Molinas, A.(2001).Choked flows through short contractions.Journal of Hydraulic EngineeringAsce,127(8),657-662.
14. Yen, C. L.,Chang, S. Y.,Lee, H. Y.(1992).Aggradation-Degradation Process in Alluvial Channels.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-Asce,118(12),1651-1669.
15. 林士勛(2015)。台南，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程學系。
16. 林彥均(2009)。台南，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程學系。
17. 林家興,謝正倫,林士勛(2015)。隘口水理特性之數值研究。第22屆水利工程研討會，台南:
18. 林家興,謝正倫,劉政儒(2015)。隘口土砂調節功能之渠槽實驗研究。第22屆水利工程研討會，台南:
19. 陳奕旻(2013)。台南，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程學系。
20. 劉政儒(2015)。台南，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程學系。
21. 蔡元融(2005)。台南，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程學系。
22. 錢寧,萬兆惠(2003).泥沙運動力學.北京:科學出版社.
23. 謝正倫,黃進坤,劉長齡(1992)。超臨界流況下水庫淤砂特性之一維數值研究。臺灣水利，40(2)，46-54。
24. 謝正倫,黃進坤,劉長齡(1992)。亞臨界流況下水庫淤砂特性之一維數值模擬。臺灣水利，40(1)，67-78。