論元明清散曲題材內容之特色－以傳承與變遷為中心的考察

To Discuss Aesthetic Qualities of Sanqu in Yuan, Ming, and Ching Dynasty-A Perspective on Subject Matter

10.7000/NJCLL.201112.0025

張啓超(Chi-Chao Chang)

元明清 ； 曲 ； 散曲 ； 傳承 ； 變遷 ； 題材 ； the Yuan, Ming, and Ching Dynasty ； Qu ； Sanqu ； aesthetic qualities ； subject matter

東華中文學報

4期（2011 / 12 / 01）

25 - 60

繁體中文

做為與唐詩宋詞一脈相承、前後輝映的詩歌（歌辭）「韻文學」重要品類－散曲，歷經元明清三代諸多文人士大夫暨民間知識份子傾注心力的創作耕耘，賡績累積了長達近七百年的豐碩收成，其間並與「劇曲」分進合流，開創出「案頭」、「場上」兩擅其美的曲壇榮景，奠定了與詩詞、古文、小說分庭抗禮，獨樹一幟的「曲學」基石。然而，由於元明清三代各異其趣的時代背景與社會氛圍，也使得它們在滔滔激湧的歷史洪流中，又各自展現出紛繁多采的題材內容，反映了豐富層面的社會文化現象與生命思想型態。在文學價值上，更具備迥異於詩詞的美感特質。本論文專就元明清散曲作品，以其題材內容為主，做一全面性的觀察探究，除了歸納分析作者作品在生活、意志（精神）、思想、情感上的表達趨向，更關注社會現象、文化因素所牽動引發的變化及效應。從而以宏觀角度，歸結及透視元明清散曲在歷史時空、文學長河中，所彰顯、創發出來的文藝光采與美感特質。

Sanqu, the important category in verse, poetry (songs) that was derived from Tang Poetry and Song Ci, accumulated the rich fruit in the close to seven hundred years after composition of literati and officialdom as well as private men of letters in Yuan, Ming and Ching Dynasties. During the time, it combined with Zaqu in converging ways to create the peak of script and stage, setting the foundation of unique Qu study of competition of poem/ci, ancient writing and novels. The particular time background and social atmosphere in the three dynasties enabled them to express individual numerous subject matters in the stream of history, reflecting the rich level of social cultural phenomena. This paper aims particularly at thorough observation and study of Sanqu work s in the three dynasties. In addition to concluding and analyzing the expression of the works in life, willingness (spirit), thought s and emotions, the paper further pays attention to the effects by social and cultural factor s in order to conclude and see through the path s and trace of changes in the history and culture of Sanqu in the three dynasties in broad views.