《搜神記》中「人鬼婚戀」故事探析

Gan-Bao's ＂Sou Shen Ji＂ Humans and Ghosts Marriage Moral of the Story Analysis

林安任(An-Ren Lin)

干寶 ； 搜神記 ； 人鬼婚戀 ； 冥婚 ； 寓言小說 ； Gan-Bao ； Sou Shen Ji ； Humans and Ghosts marriage ； Marriage with the dead ； allegorical fiction

東華中文學報

6期（2013 / 12 / 01）

59 - 87

繁體中文

浪漫的愛情，是人類鍥而不捨的嚮往，亦為重要人生課題之一。魏晉時期的志怪小說有一特別之處，那便是出現大量以神仙鬼妖為主要對象，和人類之間所發生的愛情交往故事，而正因此乃「異類」相戀的情節，故總帶給人許多神秘的遐想，既引人注目，又使人感到不可思議。干寶《搜神記》為魏晉時期志怪小說中的翹楚，就其創作之旨乃在發明「神道之不誣」的立場來看，除因其自身可能有過特殊經歷之外，更由於當時社會風氣使然。干寶既以接近「實錄」的筆法書寫，其著作的心態自是認真不苟的。其中關於「異類」相戀的故事裡，又以「人鬼婚戀」最令人側目。本文擬專就富饒情感意義的志怪小說中「人鬼婚戀」故事來作寓意探究，期盼能分析出魏晉時期的人民在混亂的局勢背景之下，對此有何寄託之深意，無論是對社會現況的反應，或對生死憂患的抒發，乃至於對自由的愛情幸福嚮往，尤有甚者，這寄寓了道德倫理和因果報應等觀念，並同時為干寶《搜神記》關於這方面的故事敘述，做一個當時可能想法的理解，甚而作為將來還能夠繼續研究本書是否根本為一深具「寓言性」的志怪小說大作。

Romantic love is a constant yearning to humans, and is also one of the important matters in life. There is one special characteristic about Ghost Stories in Wei-Jin Dynasties, and that is a large number of gods and other supernatural entities and their romace with humans are the subjects. Because of romance between different species as the plot, the stories bring so many mysteries , appeals , incredulousness for people. Gan-Bao's ＂Sou Shen Ji＂ is one of the masterpieces in Wei-Jin Dynasties. The subject of his creations is ＂Shinto not falsely＂. His inspiration is from the author's own special experience, and also more due to the social atmosphere at that time. Gan-Bao used the writing style close to ＂Documentary＂. The mentality of the author is very serious. Among his stories of interspecies romace, ＂marriages between humans and ghosts＂ stand out the most. The purpose of this study is to make inquiry into the sentimental stories of the ＂marriages between humans and ghosts＂ in supernatural fiction, to analyze the mental diversion the stories brought for the people in this chaotic background of Wei-Jin Dynasties, and to examine whether the diversion was response to the current situation of society, or express hardship of life and death, even love and happiness yearning for freedom. What's more, the stories ignited a moral and ethical concepts such as karma. Also, the paper aims to do a possible understanding of the time through story narration of Gan-Bao's＂Sou Shen Ji＂. Hopefully, further study could be done to discuss whether the book has a fundamentally tremendous effect on ＂allegorical＂ supernatural fiction.