「異」鄉「原」位－〈安汶假期〉、《老鷹，再見》中移位、易位與錯位的鄉愁

Replacement, Displacement, Misplacement: On the Polemics of Nostalgia in ＂Ambon Vacation＂ and Goodbye, Eagle

劉秀美(Hsiu-Mei Liu)

歷史現場 ； 安汶假期 ； 老鷹再見 ； 在地鄉愁 ； 離散 ； 認同 ； historical events歷史現場 ； ＂Ambon Vacation＂安汶假期 ； Goodbye, Eagle老鷹再見 ； localized nostalgia在地鄉愁 ； diaspora離散 ； identity認同

清華中文學報

24期（2020 / 12 / 01）

263 - 289

繁體中文

〈安汶假期〉與《老鷹，再見》分別為新加坡作家謝裕民與臺灣排灣族女作家伊苞的創作，〈安汶假期〉以兩條跨時空脈絡敘述了一個家族的複雜遷徙史，描寫一對定居於新加坡父子的尋根旅程。此家族的十世祖在朝代更迭之際渡海欲投奔鄭成功，不料一場風暴改變了整個家族混血、根的轉移與尋根的複雜歷程。《老鷹，再見》則為排灣族女作家伊苞敘述自身參與西藏轉山行之作，在這趟前往異文化的旅程中，作家卻不期然的衍生了一種移位／易位／錯位的鄉愁與回歸。兩部作品皆涉及了個體在時空流轉中的身分認同意識探討，無論是華人移民的流動或原住民族在各種不同歷史社會變動情境的移動，流動的主體在歷時甚長的轉易／轉裔過程下，原鄉何在？成為小自個人大至族群的大哉問！近年或有論者從移民世代轉裔的視角提出「離散有其終時」，然而自古以來空間與身分認同間的矛盾與複雜早已存在，身分的形成並非單一的，而是一連串空間置位過程的指認，既是對既有空間的接受也是關於象徵空間的創造。象徵空間的創造或指認往往在人的流動中形成一種「殘留的」觸媒，引發看似流逝的「原位」想像與落實。因此，本文擇取關於兩類不同流動主體的敘事文本，藉此探討依附於現實依據的空間意象如何化為歷史現場，對於轉易／轉裔主體所產生的作用。

＂Ambon Vacation＂ 安汶假期 and Goodbye, Eagle 老鷹再見 are two novels respectively written by the Singaporean author Chia Joo Ming 謝裕民 and the Taiwanese aboriginal female author Dadelavan Ibau of the Paiwan Tribe 伊苞. The former novel contains two storylines that crisscross in time and space, telling the circuitous migration route of a family with the father and son seeking their homeland. Followers of Koxinga in the aftermath of the fall of the Ming, the family's ancestors had intended to sail to Taiwan, but their ship was blown off course to one of the Muluka islands by a typhoon. The typhoon altered the family's destiny, transplanting its roots and even its ethnic kinship ties. The latter novel describes the experience of its author, Ibau, performing the Kora pilgrimage in Tibet. During this pilgrimage, undertaken in a different region with a different culture, she experiences an unexpected sense of nostalgia and belonging, as well as feelings of replacement, displacement and misplacement. These two stories revolve around the theme of how an individual comes to terms with his or her identity consciousness with the passage of time and the transposition of space. For those who experience a long period of ＂place-change＂ and ＂race-change＂ (be it the migration of Han Chinese or the altered state of existence of indigenous people) in different historical contexts, a question arises: where exactly is his or her hometown? This is an intriguing question that confronts every person, society and ethnic group. Recently, the theory that ＂diaspora has an expiration date＂ has been proposed from the perspective of settlement and assimilation following migration. However, since ancient times, the contradictions and complexities inherent in ＂location＂ and ＂identity＂ have never ceased. Identity is ever-changing and varies depending on different locations and contingent experiences. It points to one's acceptance of a given location and one's creation of a symbolic location. For migrants, the creation and recognition of a symbolic location have usually generated a ＂residual＂ longing for bygone time and space, a catalyst which stimulates the immigrant's imagination regarding the diminishing ＂original location.＂ In sum, this article focuses on two novels that feature different migrant protagonists; it discusses how reality-based spatial imagery turns into a historical venue, and how it affects the protagonists undergoing place-change and race-change.

1. 張松建(2014)。家國尋根與文化認同：新華作家謝裕民的離散書。清華中文學報，12，425-467。
   連結：
2. 劉于雁(2008)。跨界失落？奈波爾小說中的移民與遷移隱喻。英美文學評論，12，105-140。
   連結：
3. 劉秀美(2018)。日治時期臺灣賽德克亞族祖源敘事中的根莖流轉脈絡。成大中文學報，60，1-30。
   連結：
4. (1999).Borderlands La Frontera: The New Mestiza.San Francisco:Aunt Lute Books.
5. 續修四庫全書.上海:上海古籍出版社.
6. Appadurai, Arjun(1996).Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
7. Cresswell, Tim,王志弘（譯）,徐苔玲（譯）(2006).地方：記憶、想像與認同.臺北:群學出版.
8. Holliday, Adrian(2010).Complexity in Cultural Identity.Language and Intercultural Communication,10(2),165-177.
9. Jussawalla, Feroza(1997).South Asian Diaspora Writer in Britain: ‘Home’ versus ‘Hybridity’.Ideas of Home: Literature of Asian Migration,East Lansing, MI:
10. Landsberg, Alison(2004).Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture.New York:Columbia University Press.
11. Rushdie, Salman(1991).Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991.London:Granta Books.
12. Rutherford, Jonathan(ed.)(1990).Identity: Community, Culture, Difference.London:Lawrence & Wishart.
13. William, Safran(1991).Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return.Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies,1(1),83-99.
14. 王德威(2007).後遺民寫作.臺北:麥田出版社.
15. 王德威(2002).跨世紀風華：當代小說 20 家.臺北:麥田出版社.
16. 加斯東•巴舍拉, Gaston,龔卓軍（譯）,王靜慧（譯）(2003).空間詩學.臺北:張老師文化.
17. 史書美(2017).反離散：華語語系研究論.臺北:聯經出版事業公司.
18. 田雅各(1987).最後的獵人.臺中:晨星出版社.
19. 伊苞(2004).老鷹,再見.臺北:大塊文化.
20. 何文敬(2014)。跨種族的兩性關係與兩代衝突——雷祖威的《愛之慟》。歐美研究，34(2)，231-264。
21. 李永平(2018).婆羅洲之子與拉子婦.臺北:麥田出版社.
22. 李有成(2013).離散.臺北:允晨文化.
23. 周蕾(1995).寫在家國以外.香港:牛津大學出版社.
24. 孫大川(1991).久久酒一次.臺北:張老師文化.
25. 高嘉謙(2016).遺民、疆界與現代性：漢詩的南方離散抒情（1895-1945）.臺北:聯經出版事業公司.
26. 高嘉謙(2011)。城市華人與歷史時間：梁文福與謝裕民的新加坡圖像。文學典範的建立與轉換，臺北:
27. 童春發(2001).臺灣原住民史：排灣族史篇.南投:臺灣省文獻委員會.
28. 黃心雅(2010)。原鄉離散：安綴姿的自我種族誌《擲火向陽•擲水向月》。離散與家國想像，臺北:
29. 黃心雅(2015)。奇哥娜•邊界•階級——墨美女性書寫中的性別、種族與階級意識。歐美研究，35，279-322。
30. 臺灣總督府臨時臺灣舊慣調查會,中央研究院民族學研究所（編譯）(2011).臺灣總督府臨時臺灣舊慣調查會蕃族調查報告書：第四冊.臺北:中央研究院民族學研究所.
31. 錢伯城(2001).問思集.上海:上海古籍出版社.
32. 錢穆(1983).中國近三百年學術史.臺北:臺灣商務印書館.
33. 謝裕民(2007).謝裕民小說選.香港:明報出版社.
34. 謝裕民(2005).重構南洋圖像.新加坡:Full House Communications.

1. (2021)。排華運動下澳洲華人的「痛史」記憶、「華僑」想像與情感實踐。東亞觀念史集刊，19，121-171。