建築資訊模型的資訊建置與應用—以鋼筋混凝土加強磚造住宅的施工為例

APPLICATION AND INFORMATION BUILDING IN BIM-USING BRICK-WALL REINFORCED CONCRETE RESIDENTIAL HOUSE AS AN EXAMPLE

10.6505/CMJ-2013-94-1-16

邱垂德 (Chui-Te Chiu)；劉彥欣(Yan-Hsin Liu)

建築資訊模型 ； 綱要碼 ； 元件碼 ； 成本估算 ； Building Information Modeling ； Master Format ； Uniformat ； Cost Estimate

營建管理季刊

94期（2013 / 05 / 23）

1 - 16

繁體中文

建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM)是連結資料庫的物件導向參數式建模(Object OrientedParametric Modeling)技術，用BIM 軟體所建的模型必需有效率地提供實際施工時所需的資訊，因此，建模者要能瞭解實際工地的資訊需求，才能系統化地輸入以便能由施工管理人員適時地提取及應用資訊。本研究以民間自建常用的鋼筋混凝土加強磚造住宅為例，將原二維設計圖說轉換為三維BIM 模型，除了幾何參數外，嘗試採用軟體中的元件碼、綱要碼、及族群與類型等參數欄位，有系統地將施工所需的資訊輸入，再模擬八個不同施工階段，由所建BIM 模型中提取材料需求明細供應用。模擬實證的經驗顯示，「幾何參數」和「族群與類型」方便統計數量並表達構件的材料組成；「綱要碼」敘明各類物件的施工規範，並可連結至資料庫以計算成本方便施工管理者估算與掌控；「元件碼」則是以建築元件分類來進行成本估算，並可藉由此分類方式，在設計階段判斷是否達到價值工程的效益；與產業界產品供應鏈的搭配也很重要，以台灣地區的鋼筋綁紮為例，除了鋼筋直徑外，應建立鋼筋族群檔來正確描述鋼筋的形狀參數，輸出的鋼筋明細表即可直接供鋼廠彎製鋼筋所用。此種BIM 資訊的建置方式所產出的明細表或材料需求表已足夠讓施工方有效率地應用。

Building information modeling (BIM) is an object oriented parametric modeling technique linked with construction data base. The information has to be systematically inputted to the model and effectively extracted for decision making in construction sites. This study transformed conventional 2D drawings and documentations of a typical Taiwanese residential house, which is structured with brick-wall and reinforced concrete, into 3D BIM model with several parameters offered by the authoring software including object type and family, uniformat code, and master format code. A total of eight construction steps were then simulated to demonstrate effective information extraction from the BIM model for listings of resource requirement. Results have shown that most material quantities could be adequately extracted using BIM, based mainly on geometric and type and family parameters; the accurate deliverables conventionally described in specifications could be linked by using the master code attached to the relative objects and cost could be estimate based on unit prices from the linked data base; adequate usage of assembly code could improve design and maintenance efficiency. Cooperation with industries’ product supply chain is also highly crucial. Reinforcing steel in most of construction sites in Taiwan as an example, in addition to the bar diameter, a series of reinforced concrete files that accurately describes the different shapes and parameters should be created. Then, the exported list of reinforcing bars can be directly applied for manufacturing different bars in the factory. To accelerate implementation of BIM, the construction industries are suggested to offer adequate BIM object of products and reorganize a sound supply chain.