How Social Climate Interacts with Personality Traits?

社會氣氛與人格特質的互動關係

10.6144/JIC.2015.0601.04

梁朝棟(Chao-Tung Liang)

神經質 ； 開放經驗 ； 科學教育 ； 科學想像 ； 社會氣氛 ； Neuroticism ； Openness ； Science education ； Scientific imagination ； Social climate

資訊傳播研究

6卷1期（2015 / 10 / 01）

71 - 90

英文

越來越多的科學問題是透過團隊運作解決的，但多數的實驗工作仍是在獨思的狀態下得以突破。因此，科學家個人特質和團隊氣氛的互動關係，遂成為當代一個重要的研究課題。本研究以理科學生作為調查對象，探討團隊之社會氣氛與特定的人格特質（開放經驗與神經質）之互動，對學生們科學想像的影響。本次研究邀集了臺灣六所大學院校中607位理科大學生參與，研究者後以結構方程模式，考驗研究假設並分析其互動關係。調查分析結果顯示，開放人格可直接影響創始、構思，與轉造等三種想像力，而神經質人格會負向影響構思想像力，並正向影響轉造想像力。此外，本研究亦發現，社會氣氛會影響轉造想像力，並在開放人格和三種想像力之間，產生調節效果。社會氣氛另在開放人格和創始想像力之間，以及開放人格和轉造想像力之間，也會產生顯著的調節效果。

Increasing numbers of scientific problems are solved in teams; however, considerable empirical work remains primarily a solitary activity. Therefore, the interplay between a scientist's personality and team climate is now crucial. Using a survey of science majors, this study investigated the effects of social climate and particular personality traits (openness and neuroticism) on student imagination. This study also examined how social climate moderated the influence of openness and neuroticism on imagination. A survey was administered in 6 universities across Taiwan. The participants in this study consisted of 607 science majors. Structural equation modeling was used to test all the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that openness was significantly predictive of 3 types of imaginative capability (initiating, conceiving, and transforming imagination), whereas neuroticism was negatively predictive of conceiving imagination and positively predictive of transforming imagination. Our data also showed that social climate exerted a slight but significant effect on transforming imagination, and moderated the effect of openness on the 3 types of imagination. The influence of social climate on neuroticism was only observed in initiating and transforming imagination.

1. Chen, S. C.,Huang, Y.,Liang, C.(2012).The combined effects of learning environment and personality traits on student imagination.Instructional Technology and Media,102,62-78.
   連結：
2. American College Personnel Association. (1994). The student learning imperative: Implications for student affairs. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.myacpa.org/student-learning-imperativeimplications-student-affairs
3. Stone, M. (2010). From the editor: 83.3 imagination in science. Retrieved December 25, 2012, from http://www.yalescientific.org/2010/10/fromthe-editor-imagination-in-science/
4. Albert, R. S.,Runco, M.(1987).The possible different personality dispositions of scientists and non-scientists.Scientific excellence,Beverly Hills, CA:
5. Amabile, T. M.,Pillemer, J.(2012).Perspectives on the social psychology of creativity.Journal of Creative Behavior,46(1),3-15.
6. Baer, M.,Oldham, G. R.,Jacobsohn, G. C.,Hollingshad, A. B.(2008).The personality composition of teams and creativity: The moderating role of team creative confidence.Journal of Creative Behavior,42,255-282.
7. Barrick, M. R.,Mount, M. K.(1991).The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis.Personnel Psychology,44(1),1-26.
8. Bultitude, K.,Sardo, A. M.(2012).Leisure and pleasure: Science events in unusual locations.International Journal of Science Education,34,2775-2795.
9. Cohen, J.,Cohen, P.,West, S. G.,Aiken, L. S.(2003).Applied multiple regression correlation analysis for the behavioral science.Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
10. Costa, P. T.,McCrae, R. R.(1985).The NEO personality inventory manual: Manual, form S and form R.Odessa, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources.
11. Denissen, J. J. A.,Penke, L.(2008).Neuroticism predicts reactions to cues of social inclusion.European Journal of Personality,22,497-517.
12. DeYoung, C. G.,Peterson, J. B.,Higgins, D.(2005).Sources of openness/intellect: Cognitive and neuropsychological correlates of the fifth factor of personality.Journal of Personality,73,825-858.
13. Feist, G. J.(1998).A meta-analysis of the impact of personality on scientific and artistic creativity.Personality and Social Psychological Review,2,290-309.
14. Feist, G. J.(2012).Predicting interest in and attitudes toward science from personality and need for cognition.Personality and Individual Differences,52,771-775.
15. Feist, G. J.(2006).The psychology of science and the origins of the scientific mind.New Haven, CT:Yale University Press.
16. Finke, R. A.(1996).Imagery, creativity, and emergent structure.Consciousness and Cognition,5,381-393.
17. Frazier, P. A.,Tix, A. P.,Barron, K. E.(2004).Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research.Journal of Counseling Psychology,51(1),115-134.
18. Furnham, A.,Batey, M.,Anand, K.,Manfield, J.(2008).Personality, hypomania, intelligence and creativity.Personality and Individual Differences,44,1060-1069.
19. Furnhama, A.,Batey, M.,Booth, T. W.,Patela, V.,Lozinskayaa, D.(2011).Individual difference predictors of creativity in art and science students.Thinking Skills and Creativity,6,114-121.
20. George, J. M.,Zhou, J.(2001).When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: An interactional approach.Journal of Applied Psychology,86,513-524.
21. Goertzen, R. M.,Brewe, E.,Kramer, L.(2013).Expanded markers of success in introductory university physics.International Journal of Science Education,35,262-288.
22. Hayes, A. F.,Matthes, J.(2009).Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations.Behavior Research Methods,41,924-936.
23. Holton, G. J.(1998).The scientific imagination: With a new introduction.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
24. Hong, Z. R.,Lin, H. S.(2011).An investigation of students' personality traits and attitudes toward science.International Journal of Science Education,33,1001-1028.
25. Isaksen, S. G.,Ekvall, G.(2010).Managing for innovation: The two faces of tension in creative climates.Creativity and Innovation Management,19,73-88.
26. Lee, F. H.,Wu, W. Y.(2011).The relationships between personorganization fit, psychological climate adjustment, personality traits, and innovative climate: Evidence from Taiwanese high-tech expatriate managers in Asian countries.African Journal of Business Management,5,6415-6428.
27. Liang, C.,Chia, T. L.(2014).Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the imaginative capability scale.Creativity Research Journal,26,106-114.
28. Lin, W. S.,Hsu, Y.,Liang, C.(2014).The mediator effects of conceiving imagination on academic performance of design students.International Journal of Technology and Design Education,24(1),73-89.
29. Lounsbury, J. W.,Foster, N.,Patel, H.,Carmody, P.,Gibson, L. W.,Stairs, D. R.(2012).An investigation of the personality traits of scientists versus nonscientists and their relationship with career satisfaction.R&D Management,42(1),47-59.
30. Mathisen, G. E.,Martinsen, Ø.,Einarsen, S.(2008).The relationship between creative personality composition, innovative team climate, and team innovativeness: An input-process-output perspective.Journal of Creative Behavior,42(1),13-31.
31. McCrae, R. R.,Costa, P. T., Jr.(1991).The NEO personality inventory: Using the five-factor model in counseling.Journal of Counseling and Development,69,367-372.
32. Nasurdin, A. M.,Ramayah, T.,Kemaresan, S.(2005).Organizational stressor and job stress among managers: The moderating role of neuroticism.Singapore Management Review,27(2),63-79.
33. Oldham, G. R.,Cummings, A.(1996).Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work.Academy of Management Journal,39,607-634.
34. Oliveira, A. W.,Sadler, T. D.(2008).Interactive patterns and conceptual convergence during student collaborations in science.Journal of Research in Science Teaching,45,634-658.
35. Penke, L.,Denissen, J. J. A.,Miller, G. F.(2007).The evolutionary genetics of personality.European Journal of Personality,21,549-587.
36. Rubinstein, G.(2005).The big five among male and female students of different faculties.Personality and Individual Differences,38,1495-1503.
37. Schneider, B.,Goldstein, H. W.,Smith, D. B.(1995).The ASA framework: An update.Personnel Psychology,48,747-773.
38. Schreuder, A. M. G.,Coetzee, M.(2006).Careers: An organizational perspective.Lansdowne, South Africa:Juta & Co..
39. Shalley, C. E.,Zhou, J.,Oldham, G. R.(2004).The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here?.Journal of Management,30,933-958.
40. Shin, U.(1994).The role of imagination in integrative knowledge: A Polanyian view.Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical,21(2),16-28.
41. Simonton, D. K.(1988).Scientific genius: A psychology of science.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
42. Taylor, A. R.,Jones, M. G.,Broadwell, B.,Oppewal, T.(2008).Creativity, inquiry, or accountability? Scientists' and teachers' perceptions of science education.Science Education,92,1058-1075.
43. Thompson, E. R.(2008).Development and validation of an international English big-five mini-markers.Personality and Individual Differences,45,542-548.
44. Triandis, H. C.(Ed.),Berry, J. W.(Ed.)(1980).Handbook of crosscultural psychology.Boston, MA:Allyn & Bacon.
45. Tuma, A. H.(Ed.),Maser, J. D.(Ed.)(1985).Anxiety and anxiety disorders.Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
46. Van Eijck, M.,Roth, W.(2013).Imagination of science in education: From epics to novelization.New York:Springer.
47. Van Vianen, A. E. M.,Kmieciak, Y. M.(1998).The match between recruiters' perceptions of organizational climate and personality of the ideal applicant for a management position.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,6,153-163.
48. West, M.,Sheldon, A. E. R.(1988).Classification of pathological attachment patterns in adults.Journal of Personality Disorders,2,153-159.
49. Yueh, H. P.,Chang, C. C.,Liang, C.(2013).Are there differences between science and engineering majors regarding the imagination-mediated model?.Thinking Skills and Creativity,10,79-90.