傳播研究的典範與認同：一些個人的初步思考

The Paradigms and Identity of Communication Research: Preliminary Reflections

10.6123/JCRP.2014.001

李金銓(Chin-Chuan Lee)

溝通 ； 傳播 ； 學術範式 ； 學術內眷化 ； 本土化與國際化 ； communication ； media ； academic paradigms ； academic involution ； indigenization & internationalization

傳播研究與實踐

4卷1期（2014 / 01 / 01）

1 - 21

繁體中文

本文處理五個主題。其一，先從字源分疏「傳播」的三層意義：溝通、交通及媒介。二，施拉姆受「統一科學」的影響，企圖建立廣義的「溝通學」而終告失敗，由此反映了「溝通學」和「媒介研究」的張力。三，分析美國早期媒介研究兩個學術範式的興衰軌跡，即哥倫比亞學派逐漸取代芝加哥學派成為主流。四，美國主流傳播研究日趨「內眷化」，對內求窄深，誤以為本學科自給自足，不假外求，以致技術愈來愈精良，卻缺乏思想創新，甚至逐漸脫離人文與社會科學的主要關懷。五，作者呼籲聯繫本土經驗與全球理論，以匡正時弊。

This paper consists of five topics. First, it begins by elucidating the three layers of meaning in ”communication”: the classical sense of ”making common” among members of a community, transportation, and media. Second, it analyzes the failure in Schramm's early attempt to establish a broad ”communication science” as inspired by the ”unified science movement,” thus revealing the essential tension between ”communication science” and ”media studies” as a field of inquiry. Third, the paper compares the Chicago School and the Columbia School that informed early media studies in the U.S. and traces the trajectory of their respective influence. Fourth, the author criticizes media studies for its introversive tendency toward what Geertz calls a process of ”involution,” as researchers pursue technical sophistication at the expense of conceptual innovation. Fifth, to correct the malaise, it argues for integrating ”local experiences” with ”global theories” in media studies.

1. 行政院主計處（2005）。〈93 年社會發展趨勢調查─對時間的認知與感受〉。取自http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/dgbas03/ca/society/time-93/02_lib_01.htm
2. Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace.
3. Lazarsfeld, P., Berelson, B. R., & Gaudet, H. (1948). The people's choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. New York, NY: Columbia University Press
4. Berelson, B.(1959).The state of communication research.Public Opinion Quarterly,23,1-2.
5. Berger, C. R.(Ed.),Chaffee, S. H.(Ed.)(1987).Handbook of communication science.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
6. Berger, C. R.(Ed.),Roloff, M. E.(Ed.),Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R.(Ed.)(2010).The handbook of communication science.Los Angeles, CA:Sage.
7. Berger, P. L.,Kellner, H.(1981).Sociology reinterpreted: An essay on method and vocation.New York, NY:Anchor.
8. Carey, J. W.(1992).Communication as culture: Essays on media and society.New York, NY:Routledge.
9. Croteau, D.,Hoynes, W.,Milan, S.(2012).Media society: Industries, images, and audiences.Los Angeles, CA:Sage.
10. Czitrom, D. J.(1982).Media and the American mind: From Morse to McLuhan.Chapel Hill, NC:University of North Carolina Press.
11. Geertz, C.(1963).Agricultural involution: The process of ecological change in Indonesia.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.
12. Hardt, H.(1992).Critical communication studies: Communication, history, and theory in America.New York, NY:Routledge.
13. Katz, E.,Lazarsfeld, P. F.(1955).Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications.New York, NY:Free Press.
14. Lee, C.-C.(2011).Voices from Asia and beyond: Centre for communication research, City University of Hong Kong.Journalism Studies,12,826-836.
15. Lee, C.-C..Local experiences, cosmoplitan theories: On cultural relevance in international communication studies.Internationalizing "international communication.",Ann Arbor, MI:
16. Lee, C.-C..International communication research: Critical reflections and a new point of departure.Internationalizing "international communication.",Ann Arbor, MI:
17. Lerner, D.(1958).The passing of traditional society: Modernizing the Middle East.New York, NY:Free Press.
18. Munson, E. S.(Ed.),Warren, C. A.(Ed.)(1997).James Carey: A critical reader.Minneapolis, MN:University of Minnesota Press.
19. Paisley, W.(1984).Communication in the communication sciences.Progress in communication sciences,vol. 5,1-43.
20. Park, R. E.(1967).On social control and collective behavior.Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press.
21. Pool, I. de sola(Ed.),Schramm, W. L.(Ed.)(1973).Handbook of communication.Chicago, IL:Rand McNally.
22. Rogers, E. M.(2003).Diffusion of innovations.New York, NY:Free Press.
23. Rogers, E. M.(1994).A history of communication study: A biographical approach.New York, NY:Free Press.
24. Schramm, W. L.(1964).Mass media and national development: The role of information in the developing countries.Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press.
25. So, C. Y. K.(1988).Citation patterns of core communication journals: An assessment of the developmental status of communication.Human Communication Research,15,236-255.
26. Tunstall, J.(1970).Media sociology: A reader.Urbana, IL:University of Illinois Press.
27. Wilhoit, G. C.(Ed.),de Bock, H.(Ed.)(1981).Mass communication review yearbook.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
28. Williams, R.(1976).Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society.New York, NY:Oxford University Press.
29. 李金銓編(2008)。文人論政：民國知識份子與報刊。臺北，臺灣:政大出版社。

1. (2017)。「向何處去？」、「倚何處立？」與「以何為本？」：新媒體時代中華新聞傳播學（刊）的發展前景與格局。傳播與社會學刊，41，251-275。