媒體工作者的新聞自由戰線：韓國記者集體組織與抗爭

Fighting for Press Freedom: Korean Journalist Organizations and Their Struggles

10.6123/JCRP.2015.003

劉昌德(Chang-De Liu)；田育志(Yu-Jhih Tian)

韓國 ； 媒體工會 ； 勞工運動 ； 政治 ； Korea ； media workers unions ； labor movement ； politics

傳播研究與實踐

5卷1期（2015 / 01 / 01）

71 - 99

繁體中文

本研究透過深度訪談與次級資料分析，介紹與描繪韓國新聞工作者集體組織的組成概況、外部政治經濟關係、內部與資方及管理階層間的關係等；並透過「市場、階級、社會與政治」的研究架構，分析公共廣電工會、商營廣電工會、媒體聯合工會、及記者專業團體等不同角色定位與行動策略。研究發現，專業組織的韓國記協在政治立場上較不明顯，行動策略也較溫和；而工會組織則傾向與民主化政治勢力結合，行動策略較激進。記者工會組織以追求「公正放送」的專業訴求，反抗保守政治力量對編輯政策的影響，而保守派則介入分化兩大公共廣電工會，彼此對抗形成當前韓國記者集體組織的特點。

This paper introduces various Korean journalist organizations in their struggles for press freedom. Through in-depth interviews and secondary data analysis, it presents these organizations in terms of their respective organizational profiles, priorities, external political and economic connections, and internal relationships with the management. Based on a research framework of ＂market-class-society/politics,＂ the authors explore the roles played and strategies adopted by these organizations in labor movements. Results show that there are significant differences among media union coalitions, journalist groups, public broadcasting unions, commercial broadcasting unions. As professional groups, the Korean Journalist Association is relatively moderate in political stands and strategies, while labor unions are relatively radical, more inclined to cooperate with pro-democracy oppositions. Appealing for ＂impartial broadcasting,＂ media worker unions fight mainly for editorial independence, and have held several strikes against interventions from the conservative government. For their part, the two major public broadcasting unions are split in their fights, having been penetrated by conservativists. Fighting against one another tends to be characteristic of these Korean journalist organizations in recent years.

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