更民主的科學溝通：科學類博物館實踐公眾參與科學之角色初探

More Democratic Science Communication: Exploring the Role of Science Museums Engaging the Public with Science

10.6123/JCRP.2016.008

江淑琳(Shu-Lin Chiang)；張瑜倩(Yu-Chien Chang)

傳播研究 ； 科學類博物館 ； 科學與科技研究 ； 公眾理解科學 ； 公眾參與科學 ； communication studies ； science and technology museum ； Science and Technology Studies (STS) ； public understanding of science ； public engagement of science

傳播研究與實踐

6卷1期（2016 / 01 / 01）

199 - 227

繁體中文

本文試圖從傳播研究（communication studies）、科學與科技研究（science and technology studies, STS）以及博物館研究（museum research）等領域出發，從跨領域研究取徑思考科學類博物館在公眾參與科學（public engagement of science）時，可以扮演的公共性角色以及可以提供的溝通模式。本文以國外科學類博物館正在進行中的與奈米科學、科技相關活動，以及「公民科學聯盟」為例，希冀透過此一跨領域之理解與實踐，突顯過去在STS、傳播，以及博物館研究文獻中，相對被忽略的科學類博物館在科學傳播中可以扮演之重要角色。

This paper aims to combine the following research approaches -- communication studies, science and technology studies, and museum research -- to investigate what roles science and technology museums can play in public engagement of science and technology. This paper looks at two types of projects -- nano science/technology related programs and Citizen Science Alliance (CSA) -- to present how science and technology museums in Western countries are engaging the public with science and technology. It hopes that the significant role of museum can be highlighted in the emerging field of science communication via this interdisciplinary approach.

1. 邱家宜譯、Barrett, J.(2012)。追求民主─作為公共空間的博物館。博物館學季刊，26(4)，7-28。
   連結：
2. 黃俊儒、簡妙如(2010)。在科學與媒體的接壤中所開展之科學傳播研究：從科技社會公民的角色及需求出發。新聞學研究，105，127-166。
   連結：
3. Citizen Science Alliance. (n.d.). Citizen Science Alliance website. Retrieved from http://www.citizensciencealliance.org/
4. NISE network. (n.d.). NISE network website. Retrieved from http://www.nisenet.org/nanodays/events
5. Smithsonian Institution. (2014). Citizen science at the smothsonian. Retrieved from http://www.si.edu/content/governance/pdf/Archives_06-2011.pdf
6. American Alliance of Museums. (2014). Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.aam-us.org/resources/assessment-programs/accreditation/statistics
7. International Council of Museums. (2007). ICOM definition of a museum. Retrieved from http://icom.museum/definition.html
8. NanoToTouch. (n.d.). NanoToTouch website. Retrieved from http://www.nanototouch.eu/tools/open-nano-lab/
9. Anderson, G.(2012).Reinventing the museum: The evolving conversation on the paradigm shift.Lanham, MD:AltaMira.
10. Bell, L.(2008).Engaging the public in technology policy: A new role for science museums.Science Communication,29,386-398.
11. Bennett, T.(2005).Civic laboratories: Museums, cultural objecthood and the governance of the social.Cultural Studies,19,521-547.
12. Bennett, T.(2007).Critical trajectories: Culture, Society, intellectuals.Malden, MA:Blackwell.
13. Bisanti, M.(2012).Museums - From local to global.Journal of Science Communication,11(2),1-7.
14. Brossard, D.,Lewenstein, B.,Bonney, R.(2005).Science knowledge and attitudechange: The impact of a citizen science project.International Journal of Science Education,27,1099-1121.
15. Burgess, M. M.(2014).From "trust us" to participatory governance: Deliberative publics and science policy.Public Understanding of Science,23,48-52.
16. Butler, S.(1992).Science and technology museums.Leicester, UK:University of Leicester Press.
17. Chang, Y.(2011).London, UK,King's College London.
18. Chittenden, D.(2011).Commentary: Roles, opportunities, and challenges - Science museums engaging the public in emerging science and technology.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,13,1549-1556.
19. Chittenden, D.(Ed.),Farmelo, G.(Ed.),Lewenstein, B.(Ed.)(2004).Creating connections: Museums and the public understanding of current research.Walnut Creek, CA:AltaMira.
20. Chun, A. L.(2014).The shifting roles of museums.Nature Nanotechnology,9,724.
21. Daipha, P.(2012).Weathering risk: Uncertainty, weather forecasting, and expertise.Sociology Compass,6,15-25.
22. Dijkstra, A. M.,Critchley, C. R.(2014).Nanotechnology in Dutch science cafes: Public risk perceptions contextualized.Public Understanding of Science,2014(May 8)
23. Falk, J. H.,Dierking, L. D.(2000).Learning from Museums: Visitor Experiences and the Making of Meaning.Walnut Creek, CA:AltaMira.
24. Heath, C.,vom Lehn, D.(2008).Configuring "Interactivity": Enhancing engagement in science centres and museums.Social Studies of Science,38,63-91.
25. Hooper-Greenhill(1999).The educational role of the museum.London, UK:Routledge.
26. Hooper-Greenhill(1999).Museum, media, message.London, UK:Routledge.
27. Irwin, A.(2014).From deficit to democracy (re-visited).Public Understanding of Science,23,71-76.
28. Jones, R. A. L.(2014).Reflecting on public engagement and science policy.Public Understanding of Science,23,27-31.
29. Knell, S.(Ed.)(2007).Museums in the material world.London, UK:Routledge.
30. Kurath, M.,Gisler, P.(2009).Informing, involving or engaging? Science communication in the age of atom-, bio- and nanotechnology.Public Understanding of Science,18,559-573.
31. Laurent, B.(2012).Science museums as political places. Representing nanotechnology in European science museums.Journal of Science Communication,11(4),1-6.
32. Macdonald, S.(2002).Behind the scenes at the science museum.Oxford, UK:Berg.
33. McCallie, E.,Bell, L.,Lohwater, T.,Falk, J. H.,Lehr, J. L.,Lewenstein, B. V.(2009).Many expert, many audiences: Public engagement with science and informal science education.conference of the Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE),Washington, DC.:
34. McLean, F.(1997).Marketing the museum.London, UK:Routlege.
35. Meyer, M.(2009).From "cold" science to "hot" research: The texture of controversy.conference of the Centre De Sociologie De L'innovation Mines Paristech,Paris, French:
36. Mintz, A.(1995).Communication controversy: Science museums and issue education.Washington, DC:Association of Science-Technology Centres.
37. Nisbet, M. C.,Scheufele, D. A.(2009).What's next for science communication? Promising directions and lingering distractions.American Journal of Botany,96,1767-1778.
38. Rentschler, R.,Hede, A. M.(2007).Museum marketing: Competing in the global marketplace.Oxford, UK:Butterworth-Heinemann.
39. Sandell, R.(Ed.),Nightingale, E.(Ed.)(2012).Museums, equality and social justice.London, UK:Routledge.
40. Scott, C.(Ed.)(2013).Museums and public value: Creating sustainable futures.Surrey, UK:Ashgate.
41. Silvertown, J.(2009).A new dawn for citizen science.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,24,467-471.
42. Stilgoe, J.(2007).Nanodialogues: Experiments in public engagement with science.London, UK:Demos.
43. Stilgoe, J.,Lock, S. J.,Wilsdon, J.(2014).Why should we promote public engagement with science?.Public Understanding of Science,23,4-15.
44. Tuss, P.(1996).From student to scientist, an experiential approach to science education.Science Communication,17,443-481.
45. Väliverronen, E.(1993).Science and the media: Changing relations.Science Studies,6(2),23-34.
46. Watermeyer, R.(2012).A conceptualization of the post-museum as pedagogical space.Journal of Science Communication,11(1),1-8.
47. Xanthoudaki, M.(2013).Reflecting on the role of informal learning and visitor experience in science museums.Journal of Science Communication,12(1),1-2.
48. 張美珍(2009)。國小教師運用科學博物館實施科技教育課程探析。生活科技教育月刊，42(2)，36-49。
49. 陳恒安(2010)。我來、我見、我征服？談科技博物館的STS 展覽與導覽。科學發展，446，84-85。

1. 曾靖越(2021)。公民科學與創客運動：空氣盒子計畫的案例探討。傳播研究與實踐，11(2)，221-258。
2. 曾瑞蓮、張簡智挺、林之丞(2017)。科學博物館推動環境教育—澳洲與臺灣經驗之比較研究。博物館學季刊，31(3)，55-77。
3. 陳佳欣(2023)。發展多元行動者之科技議題交流平台：成大博物館科學市集概念的理論和實踐探討。科技博物，27(2)，5-44。
4. 洪瑞兒、林煥祥、王薪惠(2018)。臺灣公民科技素養、科學興趣及科學參與之探討。教育科學研究期刊，63(4)，229-259。
5. 江淑琳(2023)。博物館作為媒介之災難展示意涵：以五處日本地震災難博物館為例。新聞學研究，154，175-227。
6. 劉韋良,陳佳靖,郭世文,吳佩修,王裕宏,王雅芳(2022)。科學博物館協力公眾參與科學之實踐－以沃爾巴克氏菌防治登革熱展示為例。台灣公共衛生雜誌，41(2)，211-225。
7. 施登騰(2021)。從缺陷到對話到創作－論博物館科技的「共享權威」與「數位策展」實踐。清華藝術學報，3，129-154。
8. 施佳良,杜文苓(2019)。挑戰空汙：初探社區行動科學的在地實踐。傳播研究與實踐，9(1)，1-32。
9. 謝百淇,項文雄,陳繼成,郭哲凱(2021)。臺灣南部某國立大學學生對空氣汙染防制政策支持度之研究。科學教育學刊，29(2)，83-112。
10. 鄭瑞洲,林煥祥(2022)。臺灣公民參訪非制式科學教育機構對公民參與科學的影響：科學興趣所扮演的中介角色。科學教育學刊，30(2)，149-170。
11. 鄭瑞洲,林煥祥,李育諭(2019)。臺灣公民參與科技議題活動與參訪科學工藝類博物館的關係及變化。科技博物，23(2)，71-95。