Linking Motivation in Learning Chinese with National Standards for Foreign Language Learning

華語學習動因與外語教學標準之關聯探討

10.29748/TJCSL.201512_(11).0005

蘇珩驊(Heng-Hua Su)

動因 ； 個體差異 ； 外語學習標準 ； 課程設計 ； Motivation ； Individual difference ； Standards ； Curriculum Design

臺灣華語教學研究

11期（2015 / 12 / 01）

67 - 91

英文

本文旨在探索華語學習者選修華語為第二外語的動因構成。研究對象為美國中西部某大型公立大學華語項目不同年級的學生。結合前人的研究，本文作者設計了調查問卷並創建了首個調查華語學習動因構成的綜合模型，對不同年級的學習者進行了比較，並探討了學習者的學習動因與美國外語教師協會所提出的外語學習標準之間的連結。基於研究所得，作者在文末對華語教師提出了有針對性地改進課程設置和調整教學方法的建議。

This study presents preliminary findings on various constructs of motivation in students studying Chinese at various levels in a large scale Chinese program at a Midwest university in the United States. An innovative combinational model consisting of key factors in the motivation construct is proposed to facilitate determining whether the goals put forth in the National Standards align with the motivation constructs that students have for the language learning. Similarities and differences across levels were also examined. Based on the results found, suggestions are made to assist Chinese program directors and instructors to develop their curriculum and implement effective pedagogical methods.

1. ACTFL National Standards Collaborative Board(2015).World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages.Alexandria, VA:
2. Allen, Heather,Herron, Carol(2003).A mixed methodology investigation of the linguistic and affective outcomes of summer study abroad.Foreign Language Annals,36,370-384.
3. Bernat, Erwin,Gvozdenko, Inna(2005).Beliefs about language learning: current knowledge, pedagogical implications, and new research directions.TESL-EJ,9(1),1-21.
4. Clément, Richard,Kruidenier, Bastian(1983).Orientations in Second language acquisition: the effects of ethnicity, milieu, and target language on their emergence.Language Learning,33,273-291.
5. Crookes, Graham,Schmidt, Richard(1991).Motivation: reopening the research agenda.Language Learning,41,469-512.
6. Csizér, Kata,Dörnyei, Zoltán(2005).The internal structure of language learning motivation and its relationship with language choice and learning effort.Modern Language Journal,89,19-36.
7. Deci, Edward,Ryan, Richard(1985).Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior.New York:Plenum.
8. Deci, Edward,Vallerand, Robert,Pelletier, Luc,Ryan, Richard(1991).Motivation and education: the self-determination perspective.Educational Psychologist,26,325-346.
9. Ding, Anqi(2014).An analysis of pre-study abroad motivational intensity of overseas students.TCSOL Studies,3,1-7.
10. Dörnyei, Z.,Schmidt, R.(ed.)(2001).Motivation and second language acquisition.Honolulu:University of Hawaii, Second language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
11. Dörnyei, Zoltán(1994).Understanding L2 motivation: on with the challenge!.Modern Language Journal,78,515-523.
12. Dörnyei, Zoltán(1994).Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom.Modern Language Journal,78,273-284+325-346.
13. Dörnyei, Zoltán(2003).Attitudes, Orientations, and Motivations in Language Learning: Advances in Theory, Research, and Applications.Malden, MA:Blackwell.
14. Dwyer, Mary(2004).More is better: the impact of study abroad program duration.Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad,10,151-163.
15. Echevarria, Jana,Vogt, MaryEllen,Short, Deborah(2000).Making Content Comprehensible for English Language Learners: The SIOP Model.Boston:Allyn and Bacon.
16. Ellis, Rod(1994).The Study of Second Language Acquisition.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.
17. Gardner, Robert(1985).Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation.London:Edward Arnold.
18. Gardner, Robert,Masgoret, Ann-Marie,Tennant, James,Mihic, Ljiljana(2004).Integrative motivation: changes during a year-long intermediate-level language course.Language Learning,54(1),1-34.
19. Gardner, Robert,Tremblay, Paul(1994).On motivation: measurement and conceptual Considerations.Modern Language Journal,78,524-527.
20. Gass, Susan,Selinker, Larry(2008).Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction Course.New York:Routledge.
21. Grainger, Peter Ralph(1997).Language-learning strategies for learners of Japanese: Investigating ethnicity.Foreign Language Annals,30(3),378-385.
22. Kim, Tae-Young(2007).University of Toronto.
23. Kim, Tae-Young(2007).Second Language Learning Motivation from an Activity Theory Perspective: Longitudinal Case Studies of Korean ESL Students and Recent Immigrants in Toronto. Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto.Dissertation Abstracts International A,68(6)
24. Koester, Jolene(1985).A Profile of the U.S. Student Abroad.New York:Council on International Educational Exchange.
25. Lantolf, J.(ed.)(2000).Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
26. Lave, Jean,Wenger, Etienne(1991).Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
27. Lewis, Tammy,Niesenbaum, Richard(2005).Extending the stay: using community-based research and service learning to enhance short-term study abroad.Journal of Studies in International Education,9,251-264.
28. Lukmani, Yasmeen(1972).Motivation to learn and language proficiency.Language Learning,22,261-273.
29. Noels, Kimberly,Clément, Richard,Pelletier, Luc(1999).Perception of teachers' communicative style and students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.Modern Language Journal,83,23-34.
30. Nunan, David(1992).Research Methods in Language Learning.New York:Cambridge University Press.
31. Oller, John(1981).Research on the measurement of affective variables: some remaining questions.New Dimensions in Second Language Acquisition Research,Rowley, MA:
32. Omaggio-Hadley, Alice(2001).Teaching Language in Context.Boston:Heinle & Heinle.
33. Oxford, Rebecca,Shearin, Jill(1994).Language learning motivation: expanding the theoretical framework.Modern Language Journal,78,12-28.
34. Pierson, Herbert,Fu, Gail,Lee, Sik-Yun(1980).An analysis of the relationship between language attitudes and English attainment of secondary students in Hong Kong.Language Learning,30,289-316.
35. Ramage, Katherine(1990).Motivational factors and persistence in second language learning.Language Learning,40(2),189-219.
36. Samimy, Keiko Komiya,Tabuse, Motoko(1992).Affective variables and a less commonly taught language: a study in beginning Japanese classes.Language Learning,42,377-398.
37. Simões, Antonio(1996).Phonetics in second language acquisition: an acoustic study of fluency in adult learners of Spanish.Hispania,79,87-95.
38. Stryker, Steven,Leaver, Betty(1989).Content-based instruction for foreign language classrooms.Foreign Language Annals,22(3),269-275.
39. Swaffar, Janet,Arens, Katherine,Byrnes, Heidi(1991).Reading for Meaning: An Integrated Approach to Language Learning.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
40. Tachibana, Yoshiharu,Matsukawa, Yoki,Zhong, Qiuxian(1996).Attitudes and motivation for learning English: a cross-national comparison of Japanese and Chinese high school students.Psychological Reports,79,691-700.
41. Wen. Xiaohong(1997).Motivation and language learning with students of Chinese.Foreign Language Annals,30(2),235-251.
42. Wright, Margaret,McGrory, Oria(2005).Motivation and the adult Irish language learner.Educational Research,47(2),191-204.
43. Yang, Zongxiong(2012).An analysis of the intrinsic motivation theory in the application of teaching Chinese as a second language.Journal of Jiamusi Education Institute,12,124-125.

1. 李昱(2021)。Standard Language Ideologies in an Adult CSL Classroom。臺灣華語教學研究，22，97-121。