以環保昆蟲應用於廚餘堆肥之創新運用

Creative Applications of Eco-Friendly Insects in the Producing of Organic Compost

10.6639/JCCIR.202012_10(3).0003

張麗琴(Li-Chin Chang)；周煥銘(Huann-Ming Chou)

廚餘 ； 昆蟲堆肥 ； 黑水虻 ； 蚯蚓 ； 溫室氣體 ； Leftover ； insect compost ； black soldier flies ； earthworms ； greenhouse gases

文化創意產業研究學報

10卷3期（2020 / 12 / 01）

21 - 29

繁體中文

台灣環保署統計一般垃圾約含有1／3以上的廚餘，目前每年廚餘產生量約50萬噸，以往廚餘可以養豬，去化問題不大。2019年起為防止非洲豬瘟擴散禁止廚餘養豬，很多廚餘混入焚化爐燒掉，導致空污、戴奧辛及重金屬等嚴重問題。本研究獨創以吸引野生黑水虻產卵的方式進行廚餘之堆肥，於堆肥區除黑水虻外並吸引很多蚯蚓及昆蟲協同分解廚餘，除加速堆肥熟成外，堆肥土中富含蟲糞、蚓糞、蟲殼等可增進土壤肥份，昆蟲堆肥速率比一般堆肥快2～3倍且肥質佳，適用於有農田或有土地之社區、公園等；並運用黑水虻習性設計肥桶，實現倒廚餘即施肥的目的，此肥桶可直接施作於作物，設備及設計簡單且環保，肥桶流出之有機肥水可代替化學肥料令作物生長快速。此兩種作法除對廚餘之去化有很好之幫助外又可代替有機肥增進作物之生長。

According to statistics of the Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) (EPA), general trash contains at least 1/3 of kitchen leftovers. At present, about 500,000 tons of kitchen leftovers are produced annually. In the past, kitchen leftovers could be eliminated by raising pigs, which was not much of a problem. In order to prevent the spread of African Swine Fever (ASF), beginning from 2019, pig raising using kitchen leftovers has been prohibited. Leftovers in large amounts were mixed into incinerators and burned, which results in serious problems such as air pollution, dioxin, heavy metals, etc. In this study, the unique way of attracting wild black soldier flies to spawn was carried out to make compost from kitchen leftovers. At the compost area, in addition to black soldier flies, many earthworms and insects were also attracted to join in breaking down kitchen leftovers. In addition to speeding up compost maturation, the compost soil is rich in insect frass, vermicast, insect shells, etc., which increase soil fertility. The insect composting rate is 2-3 times that of regular composts. Fertile with excellent quality, it is suitable for use in farmlands, communities with land spaces, parks, etc. In addition, the habits of black solider flies are applied to design a fertilizer barrel, thereby realizing the purpose of dumping leftovers as fertilizers. The fertilizer barrel can be directly applied to crops; the equipment and design are simple and environmentally friendly. Organic fertilizer liquid poured out from the fertilizer barrel can replace chemical fertilizers to make crops grow faster. These two approaches not only greatly aid in eliminating kitchen leftovers, but also promote crop growth in place of organic fertilizers.

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