大學自治與言論不限的理想與現實

The Ideal and Reality of the Freedom of Speech and University Autonomy

劉源俊(Yuan-tsun Liu)

大學自治 ； 言論自由 ； 以哈戰爭 ； 美國眾院聽證會 ； 大學校長辭職 ； university autonomy ； freedom of speech ； Israel-Hamas War ； The US House Committee Hearing ； resignation of university presidents

台灣人權學刊

7卷3期（2024 / 06 / 01）

105 - 114

繁體中文;英文

2023年以哈爆發戰爭之後，美國大學校園內有反猶與擁猶人士的激烈對抗。美國眾議院邀請三位大學校長出席聽證會，要求他們表態並予以羞辱，之後由於支持猶太的「金主」施加強大壓力，導致賓夕法尼亞大學與哈佛大學兩位校長辭職，於是引起有關「大學自治」與「言論不限」的重大爭議。本文先敘述事件的大要，其次敘述學術不限與大學自治的理想──源頭及其發展，再敘述關於大學校園裡言論不限的說法，最後整理出面對現實的七項結論。本文指出：其實學術不限與言論不限都是高懸的理想，難以實現。關鍵則在於大學的自治；需要大學健全的管理，也需要妥善立法規範政府的行政與司法部門、國會、媒體、宗教團體、校友及「金主」對大學事務的插手。本文又指出，徒法不能以自行，應提倡大學成員的自我約束，庶幾有助於問題之解決。

The article deals with the controversial issue of university autonomy as well as the freedom of speech on university campuses, as arising from the fierce antagonism among student groups and the forced resignation of two university presidents, due to the recent war between Israel and Hamas. This article points out that nowadays academic freedom and the freedom of speech are but high-hanging ideals limited by all kinds of realities. The key lies essentially in university autonomy, which requires healthy management of the university, as well as suitable legislation about the restriction of interference in university affairs by the administration and judicial department of government, the congress, various media, religious groups, alumni, and financial supporters of the university. To help solve the problem, the article also emphasizes the importance of self-reflection and self-restriction of university members.