防災社區民眾持續參與特性研究

A Study on the Characteristics of Persistent Participants of Disaster Resilient Community Activities

10.6149/JDM.202309_12(2).0002

黃騏慧(Chi-Huey Huang)；單信瑜(Hsin-Yu Shan)

防災社區 ； 持續運作 ； 民眾參與 ； Disaster resilient community ； Sustainable operation ； Citizen participation

災害防救科技與管理學刊

12卷2期（2023 / 09 / 01）

27 - 44

繁體中文;英文

臺灣的災害風險在各國中名列前茅，現今隨著氣候變遷更加劇烈，使得災害不確定性更高、災害型態更複雜，提高風險管理的難度。作為非工程防災手段之一的防災社區，已被證實能有效減少在受災時生命和財產的損失。然而國內過往防災社區的研究，對於民眾參與防災社區動機與目標的探索仍十分有限，社區領袖的意見過去較少被探討，亦沒有將民眾參與意見與社區領袖意見進行比照的先例。本研究透過對參與防災社區的民眾進行便利抽樣，以瞭解民眾參與防災社區的原因、目標及利用卡方檢定分析影響民眾持續參與時間的因素；並對社區領袖進行半結構性訪談，瞭解社區領袖對於防災社區推動原因、想法、評價和推動過程中遇到的困難。研究結果發現，臺灣參與防災社區成員的高齡化現象明顯。影響民眾持續參與時間的因素則有「民眾居住區域」、「民眾居住區位」、「年齡」及「是否經歷過村里土石流警戒發布」四項。社區領袖持續推動原因是因為協力團隊及社區民眾的支持，而民眾持續參與的原因則是社區領袖的持續行動，社區領袖和民眾間的信賴關係對防災社區長期且持續的推動有正面的影響。

The natural disaster risk of Taiwan is the highest among all the countries in the world. As a result of the climate change, the likelihood and intensity of strong precipitation elevates uncertainty and complexity of disaster and thus enhances the difficulty of risk management. Community-based preparedness and response groups have been proven to be an effective mean to reduce the loss of lives and properties due to natural hazards. However, the investigation on the motives and purpose of local community leaders' and citizens' participation in disaster preparedness and response activities is very limited in Taiwan. This study conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews on community members and leaders to investigate the factors that influence their initial and continual participation in disaster resilient community activities. The results indicated that the four factors that influence the citizens' persistence on joining disaster resilient community programs are the area where people live, the location where people live, their age, and whether they have experienced debris flow warning. The assistance from the technical expert teams and the support of the community members are the main reasons why community leaders' persistence to promote and continuing the disaster resilient community. On the other hand, the community members' main reason to participate in the disaster reduction activities is the persistent effort demonstrated by the community leader. The results also showed that the trust between community leaders and the citizen has a positive impact on the long-term and sustainable operation of disaster resilient community programs.