空氣槍射擊選手腦波功率與射擊表現之關係

The Relationship between Sensory Motor Rhythm and Performance in Skilled Air Pistol Shooters

10.6646/CYPEJ.2014.4.132

杜雨龍(Yu-Long Tu)；沈震(Cheng Shen)

注意力 ； 自動化 ； Attention ； EEG ； Automaticity

中原體育學報

4期（2014 / 07 / 01）

132 - 139

繁體中文

近年來腦波研究在競技運動帶來相當大之貢獻，主要研究集中在穩定性高的自我配速運動上。SMR為感覺動作區（Cz）12-15Hz的頻率，其功率與感覺動作區之活動呈負相關，此特性正好可應用在研究動作執行前的自動化歷程。研究目的在探討SMR與表現最佳、最差之間的關係。實驗招募8位有經驗的射擊選手，年齡介於19到23歲之間（平均=22±1.4歲），選手練習經驗約2到10年（平均=5.1±2.81年），國內比賽層級皆為A級。實驗進行時，每一位選手射擊40發，取最佳（平均=9.74±0.185分）及最壞（平均=7.5±0.531分）表現之各10發之腦波資料來進行2（表現：最佳、最差）x3（時間：-3000到-2001ms、-2000到-1001ms、-1000到-1ms）之重複量數二因子變異數分析。結果顯示二因子變異數分析並無交互作用，且在表現的主要效果上也沒有顯著差異，然而在時間主要效果有達顯著，時間視窗三的SMR功率顯著高於時間視窗二及時間視窗一。根據此研究發現可推測高技能的射擊表現在出手前會伴隨較高的SMR功率，可能代表其動作經由不斷的練習進而造成較低的動作知覺干擾。然而，好壞表現之間的SMR並無差異，原因可能是樣本太小而缺乏統計考驗力，也可能是SMR在高技能射擊選手表現差異間較缺乏敏感性。未來研究可以繼續朝不同技能水準對象之差異比較上來以探討SMR。

EEG signatures such as temporal, central, and occipital alpha, frontal midline theta, and intra- and inter-hemispheric coherence have been related to optimal motor performance in recent years. The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) is a special frequency band of 12-15 frequency mainly in sensorimotor area. The power of SMR is inversely related to the activation of this area. Research has shown that SMR is related to the automaticity of motor process. Therefore, this study intended to explore the relationship between SMR and shooting performance in skilled air pistol shooters. Eight skilled shooters (aged 22±1.4 yr) with 5.1±2.81 years of shooting experience were recruited to shoot for 40 trials while EEG was collected. SMR for the 10 best shots (9.74±0.44) was contrasted with the 10 worst shots (7.5±0.81). A 2 x 3 (performance x epoch: -3000 to -2001, -2000 to -1001, -1000 to -1) ANOVA showed significant epoch main effect. Post hoc analysis revealed that the third epoch was significantly higher than the second and the first epochs. The results suggest that the skilled shooters reduced the SMR activity during the aiming period leading to the trigger pull. No statistical significance was found for performance related effects. The finding was inconsistent with results from expert-novice comparison study that found lower SMR in expert golfer compared with the novices. Future study may employ an expert-novice comparison approach to examine the relevance of SMR in air pistol shooting performance.

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