大專肥胖運動員之健康指標特性

Health Characteristics of Obese College Athletes

10.6646/CYPEJ.2014.5.83

洪光燦(Kuang-Tsan Hung)；余思賢(Szu-Hsien Yu)；林學宜(Shueh-Yi Lin)；曾秋美(Chiu-Mei Tseng)；陳世昌(Shih-Chang Chen)

身體質量指數 ； 胰島素 ； 肝功能 ； 腎功能 ； Body Mass Index ； Insulin ； Liver Function and Renal Function

中原體育學報

5期（2014 / 12 / 01）

83 - 91

繁體中文

先前研究發現國內大專運動員之平均體脂肪率高於非運動員，但是還未有研究指出肥胖是否會影響運動員身體健康狀況。本研究欲以橫斷式研究方法探討肥胖對於運動員健康相關指標影響。研究方法為以732名大專運動員作為本實驗受試者，並根據國民健康署之肥胖標準（男＞20%；女＞25%）依據體脂率將受試者分為肥胖與非肥胖運動員，全體受試者均進行血液動力學與血液生化檢測分析。血液動力學檢測包含舒張壓與收縮壓，血液生化部分包含代謝、肝與腎功能三大部分。代謝指標包含血糖與胰島素，並計算胰島素阻抗指標HOMA-IR（homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance）；肝功能指標包含天冬胺酸轉胺酶（aspartate aminotransferase, AST）與丙氨酸轉胺酶（alanine aminotransferase, ALT）、總膽色素與直接膽色素；腎功能標為血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen, BUN）、尿酸（uric acid, UA）與肌酐酸（creatinine）。本研究結果顯示肥胖運動員之收縮壓與舒張壓均顯著高於非肥胖運動員。於血液生化方面，肥胖運動員之胰島素、HOMA-IR、天冬胺酸轉胺酶、丙氨酸轉胺酶、尿酸與肌肝酸皆顯著高於非肥胖運動員。根據上述研究結果，本研究結論為體脂肪可能造成運動員心血管疾病風險增加或是醣類代謝與肝腎功能降低，故未來建議運動員應注意體脂肪過高所造成對於健康之負面影響。

There is high prevalence of obesity on College athletes of Taiwan, but the effects of obese on health of college athletes are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between obesity and health indices in college athletes. 732 college athletes were divided into obese and non-obese athletes, according to the obesity definition of Ministry of Health and Welfare (fat percentage: male＞20; female＞25). Blood pressure and blood biochemical diagnosis were determined for all subjects. Biochemical analysis contained carbohydrate metabolism, liver and renal function. Carbohydrate metabolism was measured by blood glucose, insulin and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Liver function were measured by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Renal function was determined by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and creatinine. We found that obese athletes had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to non-obese. In biochemical analysis, levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, UA and creatinine in obese groups were significantly higher than that in non-obese group. These results demonstrated that increased body fat was associated with increased blood pressure and decreased metabolism, liver and renal capacity in college athletes. We suggested that athletes have to pay more attention to the adverse impact of high body fat on health and wellness.

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