高齡者跌倒風險影響心理因素之探討

A Probe of the Falling Risk Affecting Psychological Factors in the Edlerly

10.6646/CYPEJ.202107_(16).0011

于凡(Yu Fan)；郭怡伶(Kuo I-Ling)；余義箴(Yu Yi-Chien)

FES-I ； GDS ； 危險因子 ； FES-I ； GDS ； Risk Factors

中原體育學報

16期（2021 / 07 / 01）

108 - 118

繁體中文

臺灣已於2018年進入高齡社會，預計2025年高齡人口比例將達20%，邁入超高齡社會。根據國民健康署2020年資料統計，每六位高齡者中就有一位曾有跌倒經驗，而高齡者在跌倒後生活將會受到許多的影響，因此，高齡者跌倒風險此議題格外重要。目的：探討跌倒對高齡者所導致的直接傷害以及跌倒後所產生相關健康狀況影響。方法：採用系統性文獻回顧法，透過期刊論文索引系統、中英文資料庫，包含華藝線上圖書館、PubMed以及EBSCO，檢閱2011-2020年之文章。依照PRISMA所提出之E&E準則執行文獻篩選和歸納後，共收錄12篇文獻。研究結果：（一）FES-I（Fall Efficacy Scale-International）為當前相關研究中檢視高齡者跌倒風險使用最普遍的量表之一，測量高齡者心理健康狀態則多採用GDS長者憂鬱量表進行量測；（二）隨著高齡者年紀增長、身體老化、健康狀況及心理狀態等因素，皆會影響其跌倒機率，嚴重者甚至會因為跌倒而造成長期恐懼與憂鬱；（三）跌倒恐懼影響高齡者生活甚大，可能會使高齡者畏懼步行，導致其無法獨立自主生活。結論：近年來針對高齡者跌倒風險的實驗結果皆指出，跌倒發生率會影響高齡者的自主生活能力，而跌倒危險因子則包含高齡者個人對於預防跌倒的認知能力、個人疾病和行為等。

Taiwan has transformed into an elderly society in 2018 and is expected to enter a super-aged society in 2025. The proportion of the elderly population will reach 20%. According to the Health Promotion Administration (2020), one in six elderly people has experience of falling. Therefore, it is also very important to pay attention to the health status of the elderly. Purpose: To explore the impact of falls on the direct injury of the elderly and related health conditions. Method: Using a systematic literature review method, review articles from 2011-2020 by searching the journal article index system, Chinese and English databases, including Airiti Library, PubMed, and EBSCO. After performing literature screening and inclusion in accordance with the E&E criteria proposed by PRISMA, a total of 12 literatures were collected. Results: (1) FES-I (Fall Efficacy Scale-International) is the most commonly used scale in the current study to examine the risk of falls in the elderly, and the mental health status is mainly measured by the GDS Elderly Depression Scale; (2) The elderly Ageing, physical aging, health and psychological factors, will all affect the chances of elderly people falling, making the elderly people's self-confidence decline, and severe cases even causing falls, long-term fear and depression; (3) Fear of falling affects the lives of elderly people greatly. It makes the elderly afraid of walking and gradually unable to live independently. Conclusion: In recent years, the experimental results on the risk of falls for the elderly have pointed out that the incidence of falls will affect the autonomous living ability of the elderly, and the fall risk factors include the cognitive ability of the elderly to prevent falls, personal diseases and behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that in the future, we can further explore the factors related to falls for the elderly, and take precautions, such as the relationship between the physical fitness, living environment and falls of the elderly, and provide empirical research on the prevention of falls that is more beneficial to the elderly.

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