單次阻力訓練對免疫細胞數目的影響

Effect Of Acute Resistance Exercise On Immune Cells Number

10.6646/CYPEJ.202107_(16).0012

江俊源(Chiang Chun-Yuan)；陳玉英(Chen Yu-Ying)；徐孟達(Hsu Mong-Da)

白血球 ； 肌力訓練 ； 壓力荷爾蒙 ； 可體松 ； White Blood Cells ； Resistance Exercise ； Stress Hormones ； Cortisone

中原體育學報

16期（2021 / 07 / 01）

119 - 127

繁體中文

運動與免疫的功能息息相關，適當的運動可以提升免疫力，不過劇烈運動可能會造成免疫抑制。先前研究表示單次運動可能造成免疫系統產生急性變化，其原因包含：淋巴細胞衰退、淋巴細胞分佈改變、荷爾蒙的影響、嗜中性球和淋巴球的外滲作用。其中，荷爾蒙會影響免疫細胞上的受體，改變細胞軟硬度進而影響細胞分配以及數量。目前有氧運動對於免疫反應的影響已有許多研究探討，然而相較於有氧運動的阻力運動受到的影響變項較多（運動強度、訓練量、組間休息或運動時間等），較少研究針對此運動模式進行歸納整理。因此本研究欲初步探討單次阻力運動如何影響免疫細胞數量上的改變。結果發現在中高訓練強度（40～80%-1RM）阻力運動後白血球總量、淋巴球與嗜中性球顯著增加，多數研究並無提及阻力運動之訓練量，根據先前研究整理結果訓練量會影響壓力荷爾蒙的反應，間接影響免疫細胞數量，因此建議未來研究方向可以將訓練量上與強度上做控制，以暸解其他變項對免疫細胞數量的影響，以利調整運動課表。

There is a strong relationship between exercise and immune function. Appropriate exercise is able to increase immunity. However, strenuous exercise might cause the suppression effect on immunity. Previous studies have shown that acute exercise is capable of alternating the immune system. Possible reasons including the declines of lymphocytes, the changes of lymphocyte distribution, the influences of hormones, the extravasation of neutrophils and lymphocytes. In addition, hormones might affect the receptors on the immune cells, change the softness of cells and the distribution as well as number of cells. Due to a more restricted quantifiable variable (VO_(2max)), evidences on the effect of aerobic exercise on immunity are more clear than resistance exercise. Results on the effect of resistance exercise are relatively equivocal due to multiple manipulable variables (exercise intensity, training load, rest time between sets, etc.). Therefore, current study intended to investigate the effect of a single resistance exercise on the number of immune cells.

1. Ashwell, J. D.,Lu, F. W.,Vacchio, M. S.(2000).Glucocorticoids in Tcell development and function.Annual review of immunology,18(1),309-345.
2. Bermon, S.,Philip, P.,Candito, M.,Ferrari, P.,Dolisi, C.(2001).Effectsof strength exercise and training on the natural killer cell counts in elderlyhumans.Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness,41(2),196.
3. Brunelli, D. T.,Caram, K.,Nogueira, F. R.,Libardi, C. A.,Prestes, J.,Cavaglieri, C. R.(2014).Immune responses to an upper body tri‐setresistance training session.Clinical physiology and functional imaging,34(1),64-71.
4. Cadore, E.,Lhullier, F.,Brentano, M.,Silva, E.,Ambrosini, M.,Spinelli, R.,Kruel, L.(2008).Correlations between serum and salivaryhormonal concentrations in response to resistance exercise.Journal of sportssciences,26(10),1067-1072.
5. Carter, C. M.(2018).Alterations in Blood Components.ComprehensiveToxicology,249.
6. Chapman, Paul P,Whitehead, James R., Binkert, Ronald H. The(1998).Reps-to-Fatigue Test as a Submaximal Estimate of 1-RM Bench PressPerformance in College Football Players.Journal of Strength and ConditioningResearch,12(4),258-261.
7. Charmandari, E.,Tsigos, C.,Chrousos, G.(2005).Endocrinology of thestress response.Annu. Rev. Physiol,67,259-284.
8. Crewther, B.,Cronin, J.,Keogh, J.,Cook, C.(2008).The salivarytestosterone and cortisol response to three loading schemes.The Journal ofStrength & Conditioning Research,22(1),250-255.
9. Dimitrov, S.,Lange, T.,Born, J.(2010).Selective mobilization of cytotoxicleukocytes by epinephrine.The journal of immunology,184(1),503-511.
10. Fay, M. E.,Myers, D. R.,Kumar, A.,Turbyfield, C. T.,Byler, R.,Crawford, K.,Lam, W. A.(2016).Cellular softening mediates leukocyte demargination and trafficking, thereby increasing clinical blood counts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,113(8),1987-1992.
11. Freidenreich, Daniel,Volek, Jeff(2012).Immune Responses to ResistanceExercise.Exercise immunology review,18,8-41.
12. Ghanbari-Niaki, A.,Saghebjoo, M.,Rashid-Lamir, A.,Fathi, R.,Kraemer, R. R.(2010).Acute circuit-resistance exercise increases expression oflymphocyte agouti-related protein in young women.Experimental Biology andMedicine,235(3),326-334.
13. Ghanbari-Niaki, A.,Tayebi, S. M.(2013).Effects of a low intensity circuitresistance exercise session on some hematological parameters of male collagestudents.Annals of Applied Sport Science,1(1),6-11.
14. Hill, E. E.,Zack, E.,Battaglini, C.,Viru, M.,Viru, A.,Hackney, A. C.(2008).Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: the intensity thresholdeffect.Journal of endocrinological investigation,31(7),587-591.
15. Ihalainen, J.,Walker, S.,Paulsen, G.,Häkkinen, K.,Kraemer, W. J.,Hämäläinen, M,Mero, A. A.(2014).Acute leukocyte, cytokineand adipocytokine responses to maximal and hypertrophic resistance exercisebouts.European journal of applied physiology,114(12),2607-2616.
16. Kraemer, W. J.,Clemson, A.,Triplett, N. T.,Bush, J. A.,Newton, R. U.,Lynch, J. M.(1996).The effects of plasma cortisol elevation ontotal and differential leukocyte counts in response to heavy-resistance exercise.European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology,73(1),93-97.
17. Mayhew, D. L.,Thyfault, J. P.,Koch, A. J.(2005).Rest-interval lengthaffects leukocyte levels during heavy resistance exercise.Journal of strengthand conditioning research,19(1),16.
18. Paredes, S.,Ribeiro, L.(2014).Cortisol: the villain in metabolic syndrome?.Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira,60(1),84-92.
19. Pedersen, B. K.,Rohde, T.,Zacho, M.(1996).Immunity in athletes.TheJournal of sports medicine and physical fitness,36(4),236-245.
20. Pullinen, T.,Nicol, C.,MacDonald, E.,Komi, P. V.(1999).Plasmacatecholamine responses to four resistance exercise tests in men and women.European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology,80(2),125-131.
21. Ramel, A.,Wagner, K. H.,Elmadfa, I.(2004).Correlations between plasmanoradrenaline concentrations, antioxidants, and neutrophil counts aftersubmaximal resistance exercise in men.British journal of sports medicine,38(5),e22-e22.
22. Ratamess, N. A.,Kraemer, W. J.,Volek, J. S.,Maresh, C. M.,VanHeest, J. L.,Sharman, M. J.,Deschenes, M. R.(2005).Androgenreceptor content following heavy resistance exercise in men.The Journal ofsteroid biochemistry and molecular biology,93(1),35-42.
23. Stanley, J.,Peake, J. M.,Buchheit, M.(2013).Cardiac parasympatheticreactivation following exercise: implications for training prescription.Sportsmedicine,43(12),1259-1277.
24. Szlezak, A. M.,Tajouri, L.,Keane, J.,Szlezak, S. L.,Minahan, C.(2016).Isometric thumb exertion induces B cell and T cell lymphocytosis intrained and untrained males: physical aptitude determines response profiles.International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science,4(1),55-66.
25. Tremblay, M. S.,Copeland, J. L.,Van Helder, W.(2005).Influence ofexercise duration on post-exercise steroid hormone responses in trained males.European journal of applied physiology,94(5),505-513.
26. Vegiopoulos, A.,Herzig, S.(2007).Glucocorticoids, metabolism andmetabolic diseases.Molecular and cellular endocrinology,275(1-2),43-61.
27. Walsh, N. P.,Gleeson, M.,Shephard, R. J.,Gleeson, M.,Woods, J. A.,Bishop, N.,Simon, P.(2011).Position statement part one.Exerc Immunol Rev,17,6-63.