網球開跳步搶打截擊動作下肢肌電特徵分析

The EMG analysis of lower limb muscles in tennis poaching split-step movement

10.6976/TJPE.201811_(21).0003

趙曉雯(Hsiao-Wen Chao)；吳建志(Chien-Chih Wu)；趙曉涵(Hsiao-Han Chao)；林子揚(Tzu-Yang Lin)；黃僅喻(Chin-yu Huang)；盛世慧(Shih-Hui Sheng)

網球雙打 ； 肌電圖 ； 牽張反射 ； tennis doubles ； electromyography ； stretch-reflex

淡江體育學刊

21期（2018 / 11 / 01）

22 - 33

繁體中文

緒論：先前研究已證實搶打截擊(Poaching)是網球截擊技術中，較為侵略性的截擊方式，也是重要的得分武器，主要是以製造干擾效果，使對手因心理的不安定感而產生較高的回擊失誤。而此技巧需要與隊友建立相當良好的默契基礎、機智、時機及技巧的配合，隨時相互移動補位來創造得分優勢。因此本研究主要針對網球雙打比賽中截擊的搶打技術動作來做肌電分析，並進一步完善其動作分析，以彌補以往對網球技術動作分析中研究不足。方法：受試者為8名甲組全國排名前32強之男子網球運動員(年齡21.00 ± 2.33歲、身高182.06 ± 2.73公分、體重74.62 ± 6.23公斤)。利用兩台FASTEC高速攝影機(250Hz)和肌電分析系統(2000Hz)進行同步的三維運動資料的收集。採用t檢定對正手和反手搶打截擊下肢肌電訊號進行差異性比較。結果顯示：(1)在開跳步牽張反射動作中，下蹲期比推蹬期所用時間較長，以使肌肉儲存更多的能量，表明開跳步動作可能存在有利於瞬間能量轉換的機制；(2)在下蹲期積分值與最大自主收縮積分值，正拍左腳腓腸肌明顯大於右腳；反拍右腳腓腸肌明顯大於左腳；(3)肌肉作用力的大小與預先準備啟動的方向有一致性結果。結論：網球開跳步搶打截擊動作過程中，利用較長時間的開跳步下蹲動作來儲存能量，使得瞬間啟動爆發的移動速度更快。運動員使出與搶打移動方向相反測較大的腓腸肌力量，所施給地面反作用力，能有助於瞬間啟動時的推蹬移動速度，從而提高搶打截擊的有效性。

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that poaching is one of the more aggressive volleying technique, as well as, one of the most important scoring method in the game of tennis doubles. Poaching can disrupt the opponent’s rhythm, which causes a psychological uneasiness on the opponent to lead a higher percentage of return error. Poaching requires a combination of skill sets to complete including craftiness, timing, technique, and great synergy between teammates. In addition, both members of the team must utilize their positioning to create scoring opportunity. Therefore, this study focuses on tennis doubles matches using EMG analysis, and followed up by action analysis to compensate for the lack of research done on tennis motion. Method: The subjects were the top 8 nationally ranked male tennis players in the country (age 21.00 ± 2.33 years, height 182.06 ± 2.73 cm, weight 74.62 ± 6.23 kg). Two FASTEC high-speed cameras (250Hz) and EMG system (2000Hz) were used to synchronize the collection of three-dimensional motion data. The t-test was used to compare the difference of forehand and backhand poaching. The results show that: (1) During the split-step stretch reflex motion, the centrifugal period is longer than the centripetal period, accumulating more energy within the muscle. Hence, the split-step motion may help facilitate an instantaneous energy conversion mechanism. (2) The centrifugal integral value of the maximum spontaneous contraction integral (MVIC) suggests that in the forehand motion left foot gastrocnemius was significantly greater than the right foot’s; in the backhand motion right foot of the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly larger than left foot’s. (3) The results are consistent between the amount of the muscle force generated and the direction of preparation. Conclusion: A tennis split-step poaching action can achieve a faster instantaneous breakout speed, by accumulating more energy through the squat motion. The athletes exert a large amount of gastrocnemius on the opposite side of the poaching direction, which contributes to the ground force and to the speed of the push pedal throughout the time of instantaneous start thereby improving the effectiveness of poaching.

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