航空器偏出跑道之案例研討

Lessons Learned From the Aircraft Lateral Runway Excursion

官文霖(Wen-Lin Guan)；張文環(Wen-Huan Chang)；張晏賓(Yen-Ping Chang)

衝出跑道 ； 不穩定進場 ； 仰轉 ； 側風落地技巧 ； 重飛 ； firm landing ； go-around ； situation awareness ； runway excursion ； veer-off

航空安全及管理季刊

2卷4期（2015 / 10 / 01）

333 - 362

繁體中文

預防航空器衝出跑道是全球性改善飛安的三大議題，落地時衝出跑道之主要因素包括：不穩定進場、異常仰轉及落地技巧、天氣因素伴隨濕滑或受污染跑道與不當使用煞車、落地性能計算錯誤、機械故障、未確實遵守標準操作程序及座艙資源管理等。本論文是為研究側風落地技巧、低高度失去目視參考、濕滑及受汙染跑道與側風落地的關聯性等議題。透過案例分析，作者認為爲了避免航空器落地時偏出跑道，飛航組員應熟練側風落地技巧、加強仰轉與橫向航跡改正，及確保有感落地操控。針對進場落地期間能見度驟降與失去目視參考議題，民航業者應加強飛航組員之狀況警覺、重飛／中止落地之決策及處置訓練；重新檢視有關失去目視參考之定義與標標呼叫術語；落實有關轉移操控權、側風落地限制及其重飛之訓練。

Prevention of aircraft runway excursion to improve flight safety is a global issue, which is one of the top three risk factors. Typical factors involving in aircraft runway excursion (overrun and veer-off) during landing include: unstabilized approach, abnormal flare and landing technique, wet or contaminated runway associated with poor braking, calculation errors on landing performance, aircraft system malfunction, noncompliance with SOPs and CRM. This study focuses on crosswind landing techniques, low altitude loss of visual reference, and the combination factors of crosswind and wet or contaminated runway. Through case studies, the authors believe that in order to prevent the aircraft from runway veer-off, flight crew should be familiar with those crosswind landing techniques, strengthen on the flare and lateral draft correction, and conduct a firm landing. In case of suddenly degraded of visibility during final approach and loss of visual reference, the operators shall reinforce flight crew's training which include: situation awareness, decision marking on go-around/rejected landing. Reviewing the definition related to loss of visual reference and standard callouts. And fulfilling the flight crew's training, which include: hand-over the aircraft control authority, limitations of crosswind landing, and go-around.

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