旋翼UAS影像製作飛航事故現場正射影像之精度探討

Accuracy Elevation of Orthoimages for Aviation Occurrence Site from Rotary UAS Images

邱式鴻(Shih-Hong Chio)

正射影像 ； 無人機系統 ； 空中三角測量 ； Orthoimage ； UAS ； Aerotriangulation

航空安全及管理季刊

2卷4期（2015 / 10 / 01）

400 - 417

繁體中文

飛航事故發生時必須快速獲取事故現場資訊供後續救災參考，而隨著無人航空系統UAS與商用處理無人機影像軟體的快速發展，使得UAS可以酬載非量測型數位相機快速獲取事故現場之影像資料，並快速製作具地理坐標之事故區正射影像供後續應用。本文旨在探討旋翼無人機裝置雙頻GPS接收模組於航拍取像時同時獲取GPS雙頻觀測量，之後再以後處理方式取得無人機取像瞬間高精度GPS觀測量，並探討在無地面控制點之情況下，以此高精度GPS觀測量作為空中控制輔助旋翼UAS影像製作事故區正射影像之精度。實驗結果顯示以旋翼型UAS於航高200公尺酬載Canon550D非量測型數位相機航拍取得影像，並以Pix4DMapper執行高精度GPS觀測量作為空中控制輔助自動化空中三角測量平差，透過給定GPS觀測量觀測精度克服GPS天線中心和相機中心不一致之問題，空三平差之後的平面與高程精度均在1公尺以內，最佳一組的平面精度甚至可到25公分左右，而高程精度可到45公分，且其所製作正射影像的精度平面可高達0.20公尺，若用單頻GPS觀測量做為空中控制所輔助的影像定位定向所完成的正射影像精度僅達2.50公尺，因此本研究對於製作飛航事故現場正射影像精度提升供後續應用具相當助益。

Information about the aviation occurrence site must be quickly collected for subsequent relief. With the rapid development of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and commercial software for UAS image processing, UASs can be employed to carry non-metric digital cameras to quickly collect the images of the aviation occurrence site and the collected images can be used to rapidly produce orthimages of aviation occurrence site for subsequent applications. This study aims to investigate the collection of dual frequency GPS observations by installing the device of dual-frequency GPS receiver on the rotary UAS and then calculate the precise flying trajectory by post-processing in order to obtain the precise GPS observations of the corresponding UAS images based on the recorded GPS time for air controls to perform aerial triangulation of bundle adjustment without any ground controls. After the position and orientation of UAS images have been determined by the precise air controls without any ground controls, the orthoimages of the aviation occurrence site can be generated. The test result shows that the rotary UAS images collected with Canon550D non-metric digital aerial camera in the flying height 200 meters, the planimetric and elevation accuracy will be less than 1 meter after performing autonomous aerial triangulation with high precise GPS air controls by Pix4DMapper software via giving the different standard deviations of GPS observations to overcome the offset of GPS antenna center and image exposure center. The best accuracy even can reach 25 cm in planimetry and 45 cm in elevation and the accuracy of produced orthoimage can be up to 0.20 meters, while the accuracy of orthoimage produced by single-frequency GPS observations as air controls is only up to 2.50 meters. Therefore, this study provides a good way to rapidly produce good orthoimage of the aviation occurrence site for subsequent application.

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