朝鮮後期功令策文研究（1776－1897）－以《詩經》為例

A Study of the Late Joseon Period's Policy Documents (1776-1897) - Taking the Shijing as an Example

邱惠芬(Chiou Hui Fen)

臨軒功令 ； 臨軒題叢 ； 正祖 ； 詩經 ； 策文 ； Lin Xuan Gong Ling ； Lin Xuan Ti Cong ； J eongjo ； Shijing ； policy documents

韓國學報

39期（2024 / 10 / 01）

125 - 162

繁體中文;英文

探勘科舉文的經義命題以及試卷評分等第，有助於瞭解經學的閱讀認知與教育影響，並掌握經學的時代發展脈絡。朝鮮正祖大王為實踐君師治國的理想，積極培育人才，對已通過科舉考試的文臣，進行學術批判與時事應用的訓練，形成親衛勢力，鞏固君權，同時也對年輕幼學的科舉考試，進行系統性的命題及評核。因此，研究正祖朝科文的經學研究，有助於掌握朝鮮後期的學術發展。本論文聚焦《臨軒功令》有關《詩經》議題的11則策文，進行研究。策文主題涵蓋人事、經術、士習、《詩經》、〈七月〉、經術、思無邪、詩教、士習、風教、曆法、文體、詩教等。發現正祖即位到高宗24年（1776－1824）期間，《詩經》策文的撰寫大致符合策文規式，而正祖朝以簡答式列舉先驗知識的問題，主要在《詩經》內涵的研究，由於提問綱舉目張，反而更能引導應答者針對題目，進行撰寫。至於試卷的評比品第，目前尚未來有相關文獻資料可供參照，只能觀察科策的應答試卷，依《策文準的》規式及總論，分析是否符合寫作規範，以及論述知識的廣度與深度。經分析比較，《詩經》策文若能引述古語、經典文獻進行演繹論述，較能擴充廣度及深度，而救弊的策略是否具體，文章是否能跳脫陳言舊套，也攸關評分品第高下。

Exploring the themes of the civil service examination te xts and their grading criteria aids in understanding the readi ng cognition and educational impact of Confucian studies, as well as grasping the historical development of these studies. King Jeongjo of Joseon actively cultivated talent to realize the ideal of governance by both ruler and teacher. He provi ded academic critique and training in practical applications f or civil officials who had passed the civil service examinati ons, thereby forming a loyalist faction and consolidating roy al authority. Additionally, he implemented systematic topic f ormulation and assessment for the younger candidates in the civil service examinations. Therefore, studying the Confucian scholarship during King Jeongjo's reign contributes to unde rstanding the academic development of late Joseon. This pap er focuses on 11 policy documents related to the ' Shijing ' from the Lin Xuan Gong Ling, examining their themes, whi ch include personnel matters, Confucian techniques, scholarly practices, the ' Shijing ' , 'July', Confucian techniques, unta inted thoughts, poetic education, scholarly practices, moral e ducation, calendar, literary style, and poetic instruction. It is found that from King Jeongjo's ascension to the 24th year o f King Gojong (1776-1824), the writing of the ' Shijing ' p olicy documents generally adhered to established formats. Th e Jeongjo era primarily posed questions that required the list ing of prior knowledge, focusing on the connotations of the '' Shijing ' . The structured questioning effectively guided re spondents in their writing. As for the grading criteria of the examination papers, there is currently no relevant literature a vailable for reference; thus, the analysis relies on observing the responses to the examination papers according to the Pol icy Document Standards and overall discussions, assessing w hether they meet writing norms and the breadth and depth o f knowledge presented. Comparative analysis indicates that p olicy documents on the '' Shijing ' that cite ancient sayings and classical texts for deductive discussion tend to enhance both breadth and depth. The specificity of remedial strategi es and the ability of the writing to transcend clichés also si gnificantly influence the grading outcomes.